
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



RlUtj 



, NEW EDITION OF 1887. 



[50 GENTS. 




?^\^P^^ 







TRADE IV.^nX 



nCu!? I sin^D* 




1628 Arcli Street, JPtiilad'a, Pa. 



C" 



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A V/ELL-TRIED TREATMENT 



For Consumption, Asthma, Bronchitis, Dyspepsia, Hay Fever, Headache, 
Debility, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, and 

ALL CHRONIC AND NERVOUS DISORDERS. 



"The Compound Oxygeu Treatment" Drs. Starkey & Palen, No. 1529 Arch Street, ' 
Philadelphia, have been using for the last seventeen years is a scientific adjustment of the 
elements of Oxygen and Nitrogen magnetized, and tlie Compound is so condensed and 
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inspection and care, visiting the office daily, or as frequently as their cases may require. The 
treatment is by inhalation. t 

Drs. Starkey & Palen have the liberty to refer to the following-uauied well-knowa 
persons M'^ho have tried their treatment : 



Hon. Wm. D. Keli.ey, Thiladelnhia, Pa. 
Rev. Bishop W. H. Benade, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Wm. S. Baker, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Waldo M. CtAFLm, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Rev. Victor L. Conrad, Philadelphia, Pa. 
E. C. Knioht, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Frank Siddall, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Hon. W. W. Schuyler, Easton, Pa. 
Mrs. Mary A. Livermore, Melrose, Mass. 
Rev. J. 0. SuNDERLiN, Flemington, N.J. 
W. W. Harding, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Edward L. Wilson, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Benj. Schofield, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. 
E. F. Kingsley, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Dr. L. S. Filbert, Philadelphia, Pa. 
W. H. WiUTELEY, Darby, Pa. 



Rev. Charles W. Cashing, D.D., Rochester, N.Y. 

Hon. Wm. Penn Nixon, Editor Inter-Ocean, Chicago, 111. 

Rev. a. W. Moore, Editor The Centaiary, Lancaster, S.G. 

W. H. WoRTHiNGTON, Editor New South, Birmingham, Ala. 

Judge H. P. Vrooman, Quenemo, Kansas. 

Judge R. S. Voorhees, New York City. 

Fidelia M. Lyon, Waimea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. 

Alexander Ritchie, Inverness, Scotland. 

Mrs. Manuel V. Ortega, Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico. 

Mrs. Emma Cooper, Utilla, Spanish Honduras, Central 

America. 
J. Cobb, U. S. Vice-Consul, Casablanca, Morocco. 
M. V. ASHBROOK, Red Bluflf, Cal. 
Ernest Turner, Nottingham, England. 
Jacop, Ward, Bowral, New South Wales. 
And thousands of others in every part of the United States. 




"Compound Oxygen— Its Mode of AO'p^on and Results," is the title of a new b 
chure of two hundred pages, published by Drs. Starkey & Palen, which gives to 
inquirers full information as to this remarkable curative agent, and a record of sever^ 
hundred surprising cures in a wide range of clironic cases, — many of them after beii 
abandoned to die by otlier physicians. Will be mailed free to any addre.ss on application 
Read the brochure ! or call and see us. 



Ors. SXARKBY & PAI.BN, 

No. 1529 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pi 




^■fi. 



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#HILADELPHIA ! How rhythmically flow the syllables 
from the tongue, how fraught witli sweetness the mes- 
— sage they convey ! .Something higher, surely, than a 
mere mart of commerce, an arena of selfish struggle, was in the 
founder's mind when he dowered with so fair a name the city 
which he hoped to build. And evidence is not wanting that 
Penn's original conception of the future city was in a high 
degree Arcadian. He pictured to himself an area of 
ten thousand acres divided into lots of one hundred 
acres each, the owner's dwelling placed in the centre 
'■^3 of his lot and surrounded with gardens and orchards, 
so that, to quote the founder's words, " it may be a green country town which shall never be 
burnt and always be wholesome." But Penn's pastoral plan was not to be realized. His 
commissioners for selecting the site of the future city arrived in the latter part of the year 
1681, and were joined in the early summer of 1682 by Captain Thomas Holme, his surveyor- 
general. It was found practicable to devote to the purposes of the city's site only about 
thirteen hundred acres, and one of the earliest surveys on record is of a lot on what is now 
Walnut Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, two hundred and twenty feet in length by 
fifty feet in width. 

If, however, Penn's ideal of what his city was to be had proved too id^'Uic to be realized, 
in other matters respecting it he had showed himself sufficiently practical. Especially had 
this been the fact in the steps he took, while still in England, to attract attention to his enter- 
prise. He most skilfully and shrewdly advertised it all over England and the Continent, and 
with such effect that a stream of immigration began to pour in upon the city and adjacent 
regions. During the year 1682, twenty-three ships — one every sixteen days — arrived in the 
Delaware, crowded with settlers all eager to have their lands laid off so that they might begin 
to build, many of them living, meanwhile, in tents, or in caves dug in the banks of the 
Delaware and the Schuylkill. Penn himself arrived in the Delaware in October, 1682. Either, 
before or shortly after his arrival there was built for his occupancy the first brick house erected 
in the settlement. It was originally placed on a small street running from INIarket to Chestnut, 
between Front and Second, named Letitia, in honor of Penn's daughter. The house itself 
was subsequently given by Penn to this daughter, and hence is frequently spoken of as the 
" Letitia House." It has been preserved with pious care, and a few years ago, when improve- 
ments of the neighborhood in which it Avas situated rendered its demolition or removal neces- 
sary, it was taken to Fairmount Park, where it now stands near the Lansdowne entrance, 
one of the most substantial and interesting souvenirs of the great founder which have come 
down to us. 

In a work like this it is manifestly impracticable to go closely into the historical details 
of the times preceding Penn's taking possession of liis proprietary province. We must, how- 
ever, in passing, remind the reader of the Dutch and Swedish occupancy of the region which 

A 1 



,^3V« 










FRANKrORD 
















VOP YHICH / jeOV ar t.n. sm TM J ~ 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




PENN HOUSE, IN PARK. 

came afterwards to be the 
site of Philadelphia and its 
suburbs. The relation of 
the Dutch to the province was more that of dis- 
coverers, traders, and contestants of the subsequent 
Swedish occupation than of settlers, and they left 
few or no memorials of their presence. The Swedes, 
however, came to stay. They built forts and houses and took up 
farms, and, although their scheme of colonization Anally yielded 
to adverse circumstances, they left their impress on the region, 
A very interesting memorial of their occupanej^ still remains to us in the 
OLd Swedes' Church {Oloria Dei), which stands on Swanson Street, below 
Christian, in the old district of Southwark, the Wicaco of the Swedes. 
This venerable edifice was built in 17()(), to take the place of a log structure 
whicli was erected in 1G77, and served equally well for church or fort, as 
the exigencies of those somewhat uncertain times might demand. The 
( church is of brick, and is still regularly used. It stands in a cemetery 

where gravestones of all dates, from 1700, and the years immediately fol- 
lowing, down to yesterday, may be seen, though most of the stones are so 
weatlier-worn that their inscriptions are partially or completely illegible. 

The plan of the city, as it came to be, was a parallelogram two miles long, from tlie 
Delaware to the Schuylkill, by one mile wide, and contained nine streets running from the 
Delawai'c to the Schuylkill, crossed by twenty-one running nortli and south. In the centre 
was a square of ten acres, and in each (piarter of the city one of eight acres, for pul)lic prome- 
nades and athletic exercises. This plan, so far as tlie arrangement of the streets is concerned, 
is still suljstantially adliered to. 

The streets running east and west were, witli the exception of High Street, named after 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



native trees. They were Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, High, Chesnut (sic), Wahnit, Spruce, 
Pine, and Cedar. Of these, Sassafras and Mulberry are now called Race and Arch, High is 
Market, and Cedar, South Street. The streets intersecting these were numbered from each 
river to Broad Street, which, in the original plan, was in the middle of the plot, the western 
series being distinguished by the clumsy alftx of "Schuylkill," as "Schuylkill Front," 
"Schuylkill Second," etc., until a coiuparativelj^ recent period, when their nomenclature was 
reconstructed on more intelligent principles. 

The city proper was confined within these narrow limits from the date of its incorporation 
by Penn, in 1701, until 1854, when the Legislature, yielding to what was evidently the desire 




OLD SWEDES CHURCH. 



of a majority of the people of the city and county, passed the act of consolidation, by opera- 
tion of which the outlying districts, boroughs, and townships were all merged with the 
metropolis, and the city of Philadelphia became coterminous with tlie county, so that now it 
embraces a territory twenty-three miles long and averaging five and a half miles broad, — an 
area of one hundred and twenty-nine and one-eighth square miles. On this magnificent area 
the great city is extending its borders with marvellous rapidity. Its population may be fairly 
estimated at considerably more than a million and its houses at not less than two hundred 
and sixty thousand. 

In the city proper, and especially in its great suburb of Germantown, there still exist 
many admirable specimens of colonial architecture and well-preserved interiors, which 
furnish hints and motives to the builders of to-day, and of which, since the art renaissance 
brought about by the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, they are not slow to avail themselves. 
In houses of every class is this sense of the aesthetic shown. It has U)ng been Pliiladel- 
phia's boast that her working population was the most comfortably housed of any in the 
world, and formerly comfort was the only end aimed at ; but now, Avhile all practical needs 
are provided for as sedulously as ever, there is superadded a degree of attention to appearance 
and picturesqueness hitherto honored rather in the breach than in the observance. These 
houses become, therefore, in a double sense, educators, leading their inmates to lives of 
decency and cleanliness by their convenient and well-ordered arrangement, and, by their 
artistic construction and decoration, instilling a love for the beautiful and an aspiration for 
teomething higher than the mere supplying of creature comforts. 










% ^^-* 'tef 



/^) OME from what direction lie may, the visitor to Pliihidelphia will find his approach inter- 
^^ estiug and attractive. If he come from the sea he enters a magnificent bay, which, as 

he progresses, contracts 
into a river of still mag- 
nificent breadth, the 
shores of which present 
a varied aspect of culti- 
vated farms, towering 
forests, villages, and 
towns. Forty miles be- 
low the city the massive 
walls of Fort Delaware 
rear themselves mena- 
cingly, and constitute 
the first suggestion of 
the rich metropolis 
which lies beyond. Pass- 
ing the cities of Wil- 
mington and Chester, 
^~' the clang of ham- 

^~ mers, the salute 
of the steam- 
whistle, and the 
hulls of building 
ships give token 
of industrial cen- 
tres. Nearingthe 
city, the low-ly- 
ing Navy Yard 
at League Island 
and the great 
grain elevators 
and oil refineries 
"^"^ '•^'^ that cluster about 

the junction of the Delaware and the Schuylkill attract atten- 
tion, and, if the season be the late spring-time, the traveller may 
; catch a glimpse of the hauling of the great shad seine at 
Gloucester, on the eastern shore. 

And now the scene becomes alive with busily-plying craft 
of various sorts and sizes, from the transatlantic steamer just 
starting on its ocean voyage to the tiny sail-boat of the amateur 
mariner. Docks and wharves line the shore, great warehouses 
loom aloft, and far away across the house-tops the white tower 
of the new City Hall rises mistily skywards. 

If the traveller's approach, though still from the south, be 
by land, whether he come by the line of the Pennsylvania 
'- ■ Railroad or by that of the Baltimore and Ohio, he will find 
\ much of interest to note, though he must lose much of the 
\ picturesqueness of the water approach. He will pass through, 
rather than by, the cities of Wilmington and Chester, whose 
ship-building and other manufacturing interests give them 
prominence, and he will traverse a region most closely identi- 
fied witli both the Swedish pioneers and the early English settlers. 

There are two principal approaches to Philadelphia from the north,— one through the 
romantic and picturesque valley of the Lehigh, and over the rich farming lands that inter- 

5 




OLD MANTEL AND DOOR-WAY. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




OLD INTERIOR. 



vene between the Lehigh hills and the city limits ; the other down the valley of the Schuyl- 
kill. By the former route the traveller enters the city by the line of the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad, and is landed either at Third and Berks Streets or at Ninth and Green 
Streets ; by the other route he may come either over the Reading or the Pennsylvania Rail- 
roads ; in the one case arriving at Callowhill and Thirteenth Streets, in the other at Broad 
and Filbert Streets. 

From New York and the East access to Philadelphia is had either by the New York 
division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, or by the Bound Brook division of the Philadelphia 
and Reading Railroad. Both these routes bring the traveller into the city through a region 
beautifully diversified by hill and dale, farm and woodland, and ornamented with the pictu- 
resque country-seats of wealthy citizens. 

By the Pennsylvania route from New York, several of the im- 
portant suburbs — Holmesburg, Tacony, Bridesburg, and Kensington 
— are passed through, and the neaiei api)i()a(h to the Bioad Stieit 
Station is rendered attractive by the spU ndid \ic\\ up ^^ r 

and down the Schuylkill as the inei i'^ cio^'^cd, the ^ ' 

glimpse afforded while 
crossing ofthe Park and r'-> r' "^^ 





SHAI) KISHINCi, GLOUt'KSTEH. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




the Girard Avenue Bridge, and, 

after crossing, of the Zoological ' - ^ '^ ^ ''^ 

Garden, the boat-houses, and 

water-works, including the dam, over which the water 

dashes in a broad, silvery sheet. Just below the dam the ^^^^^^.^^ p^^om the southwest. 

road passes under the Callowhill Street double-decked 

bridge, itself an interesting object, but made additionally so by being the successor of the old 



J^^^i^ Ki ^S *«-t|?^^ ^^^'''^ 





rf rr - -s^ji'-^ -"imi^^- f 



Suspension Wire Bridge, the hrst of 
its kind ever erected in America, a 
picture of which used to figure prom- 
^^'^" inently as an illustration in the geog- 

raphies of forty years ago. 
Philadelphia may be approached from the west either by the Reading route, down the 



^'^-^. - 



DEVON INN. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



9 



Lehigh Valley, or by the great main line of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad. By this latter, traversing as it does the 
magnificent agricultural counties of Lancaster, Chester, 
Delaware, and Montgomery, the traveller is brought to 
the city through the very garden of Pennsylvania. His 
approach to the metropolis is signalled by the frequency 
of gentlemen's country-seats which attend his progress and 
which, with their artistic and picturesque dwoliiiigs and 
their well-kept lawns, most beautifully diversify tlie view. 
A few miles from the city he passes one of the most cele- 
brated of the near-by summer resorts of the fashion and 
culture of Philadelphia, — the Devon Inn,— kept by the 
Messrs. Crump, who are also proprietors of the Colonnade 
Hotel in the city. Tbe towered and gabled structure con- 
stituting this noted hostelry stands to the right of the road, 
and is a prominent and pleasing object in the landscape. 
Coming to the Schuylkill the river is crossed by an iron 
l)ridge which joins the elevated viaduct leading into the 
Broad Street Station. This elevated way is a splendid 
example of constructive engineering, and fitly illustrates 
the enterprise of the great corporation whose property it is. 

The Pennsylvania Company formerly had its principal city station at Thirty-second and 

Market Streets, but, finding that the 




OLD WIRE BRIDGE, ON SCHUYLKILL. 



logic of events demanded that it 
should have a more central location, 
it bought up all the properties on the 
south side of Filbert Street, from the 
Schuylkill to Broad Street, a distanci' 
of nine squares, demolished and re- 
moved all the existing structures, 
and on the site thus obtained erected 
this viaduct, which is a solid con- 
struction of brick and stone masonry 
si^anuing the several streets which 
cross its course by arches, and carry- 
ing on its top the road-bed and tracks 
of the great steam thoroughfare. 

Arrived at the Broad Street Sta- 
tion the traveller finds himself in the 
most palatial railway terminus in the 
world. The track room of this great 
station is a wide, lofty apartment, 
affording space for eight tracks and 
the necessary passenger platforms. 
The walls, composed of various-col- 
ored bricks set in artistic patterns 
and diversified with terra-eotta orna- 
mentations, rise to a lofty height and 
sustain a roof of inamense span, sup- 
ported by iron trusses and girders. 
At its eastern extremity it is closed 
by a high wrought-iron barrier of 
graceful pattern, through which exit 
and entrance gates communicate 
with a roomy vestibule, from which 
doors open into the waiting-rooms, 
restaurant, etc., while at the southern 




VIEW DOWN FILBEKT STREET, SHOWING KLK\ ATKD ROAD. 



10 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



end of the building a wide staircase of stone leads down from the vesti- 
bule to the lower floor and the street. Passing into the general waitu.g- 
room one finds himself in a very large and elegant apartment contammg 
IZntmi supply of settees, a news-stand, a confectionery counter, a pare - 
room telegi^ph office, and a big open fireplace prettily ornamented with 
ile" AroTmd the roonx runs a high wainscot of oak, of which materia 
Ltdoot also are composed. Above the wainscot ^^^^^Z::^^ 

pleasing colors the ^^-^^f j^trnle^^l^e c^ i^^^^^^^^^ 
hv the Pennsvlvania Road and its Diancnes. xnc ^cim ^ i 

Sloedgla "'panelled in ash and with a border of the same wood around 
Us ^des T;o broad stairways and an elevator connect this room wi 
the Tower floor and give access to the street. At its southern end this roo n 
tne lower nooi ^^\ « rP«tnnr-int The ladies' waiting-room opens off the 
communicates with the lestaurant. ine uiu ,,11 rs.thir- 

general waiting-room to the east. It is lighted by tall Uothic 
Windows looking upon Broad Street, and has at one end a veij v 

complete retiring-room for ladies, and at the other communicates 
witb the ladies' restaurant,-a room which, in its size and ap- 
pointments, resembles a baronial banqueting hall. Like the 
General waiting-room, that for the ladies has a big open fireplace 
^et with tiles. It is liberally supplied with settees and rocking- 
chairs and is in all respects a most inviting and comfor able 
resting-place. The ground floor of the station has its northern 
section devoted to the ticket offices, 
Pullman car office, baggage-room, and 
entrance to elevator. The middle sec- 
tion of the ground floor afTords stand- 
ing room for cabs and carriages ; _^ • 
and the southern section, with __,-.:^ 
its paved vestibule and broad 
stairway, gives direct approach 
from the street to the tracks. 
The external appearance of this great 
station wortliily corresponds with the 
elegance and convenience of its interior 
appointments. In style of architect- 
ure it combines features of the Gothic, 
Greek, and Roman, and its construction 
throughout is most substantial. It fronts 
the western fayade of the new City Hall, 
with whose marble white- 
ness its own rich ruddiness | 
contrasts most pleasingly, | 
and while the immensity of '"^^s.:^^ 
the city's new civic palace '^^^^ 
and its exceedingly ornate |?v.>.r'''i 
style of architecture de- ^ 
tract, perhaps, to some ^ 
extent from the impres- , 
sion which this noble railway sta- | 
tion would otherwise make on the 
observer, they do not belittle it, or 
prevent it from being what it is, 
and what it is destined to remain, 







BROAD STKKET STATION. 



-one of Philadelphia's proudest monuments to the taste and skill ot her architects and 
mechanics. 




'jl^.HILADELPHIA had its beginning in tlio region bordering the Delaware between what 
'W^ iii'e now Pine Street on the south and Arch Street on the north. A tradition exists that 

'^ Penn first set foot on the site of his future city at the " Blue Anclior Landing," at the 
mouth of Dock Creelv, in the vicinity of what is now the corner of Front and Dock Streets, 
where stood the " Blue Anchor Tavern," — the first house built within the ancient limits of 
the city. Then, and long afterwards. Dock Creek was a considerable stream ; Penn counted 
on it to/urnish a natural canal 
to the heart of the town, and it 
was used for that purpose at 
first, but the water became so 
offensive, and the mud and 
wasliings of the city filled it up 
so I'apidly, that it was finally 
arched over, and wagons now 
run where boats formerly floated, 
and the visitor to the venerable 
Girard Bank, on Third Street, 
below Chestnut, sees little to re- 
mind him that on the site of this 
stately pile a sloop, " loaded with 
rum from Barbadoes," once lay 
and discharged her cargo. And 
this explains the anomaly of the winding Dock Street in the midst of the primly-drawn right 
lines of the ancient town : the street was constructed over a winding creelv. 

The Blue Anchor Tavern was the beginning of Philadelphia, but other houses were in 
progress before it was finished ; Front Street was soon opened, and building followed its line. 




PHILADELPHIA AS PENN FIKST SAW IT. THE BLUK ANCHOR LANDING. 




i)i;i.A \v AKK a\'i;m 1 



The growth of the city, beginning thus on the Delaware, pushed gradually north, south, and 
west, until it became what we now see it. Dock Creek, as we have seen, was obliterated. 
"Society Hill," in the neighborhood of Front and Pine, where Alderman Plumsted had his 

11 



12 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




FISH AND OYSTER BUSINESS (AN INTERIOR). 



hanging-garden, and White- 
field, at a later day, preaclied 
to fifteen tliousand people, 
was razed, as was also the 
high bluff on the Delaware 
liank, which Penn was anx- 
ious to preserve as a public 
promenade forever, ordering 
that no houses should be 
built east of Front Street. 

Penn's idea of preserv- 
ing the immediate water- 
front as a public pleasure- 
ground early yielded, how- 
ever, to a more prosaic view, 
for, as the city grew and its 
commerce increased, we find 
him making leases of this 
tract for wharf and ware- 
house purposes, at very re- 
munerative figures. 



Even, however, after becoming aware that his cherished water-front must be devoted to 
business rather than pleasure, he could scarcely have forecast the busy scene which it now 
presents. Besides the piers and wharves in the extreme lower portion of the city for the 
accommodation of the coal, oil, and grain industries that are congregated there, a continuous 
range of slips, wharves, docks, and piers line the Delaware's edge from below Washington 
. Avenue to above Richmond. Delaware Avenue, which runs immediately 
along the river, presents one of the busiest scenes to be found in the city. 
Here naturally centres the fish and oyster business, and hither resort, 
from all sections of the city and suburbs, the retail dealers in tliese arti- 
cles of food. 

Besides the fish and oyster tradt, tht pioduce busmt'^i laigelj, and 
the fruit business almost exclusively, hnd along tlie a\ hai \ (. ^ then natural 
entrepot. Vast quantities of butter, thcisc, xtgetablcs, and cuied meats 








are sold both wholesale and retail ► 

and in their season the peaches of 

Maryland and Delaware and tht 

small fruits of New Jersey are here di^pLiMd m gitat 

abundance. Foreign fruits are also biouulit b\ fast 

steamers in great quantities, rapiditv of tian^poitation 

enabling them to be marketed in c\( client condition 

Both fresh vegetables and fruits, ho\\t\ci, lia\c to be 

promptly handled on arrival, so that by night as well as 

by day the wharves devoted to this trade present a lively 

scene. 

The coal wharves of the Beading Railroad constitute a point of interest on the upper 
river-front. These are in the old district of Richmond, and are reached by a branch which 



FISH AND PRODUCE BUSINESS, 
WARE AVENUE. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



1:3 




FKUIT BUSINESS AT NIGHT. 

leaves the main line of the Reading just south of West Falls Station, and, crossing the 
Schuylkill by a stone bridge of magniticent proportions, traverses the upper part of the city 
to the Delaware. 

Tile Reading Company owns and runs twelve steam colliers, carrying coal from these 
Avharves to Eastern ports. Tlieir aggregate capacity is fourteen thousand four hundred tons, 
and up to November 30, 1886, they had made a total of five thousand seven hundred and 
twenty-six voyages, their constant passage up and down the river forming a salient feature in 
its life. Another familiar scene in the river panorama are the vessels of the celebrated Clyde's 
steam lines, which are elegant packets plying to New York and to Southern ports. 

This upper portion of the river-front is the seat of several of the most important of the city's 
industries. Prominent among these is tlie iron ship-building yard of Messrs. Cramp & Sons, 














1 0^ . 



PORT RICHMOND COAI- WHARVES. 



14 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




i 

CRAMP'S SHIP-YARD. 

'liose extensive plant is adequate 
to the construction of the largest 
vessels, and wnere craft of all sorts and sizes may 
constantly be seen in every stage of building. 

The stately transatlantic steamships of the 
American, Red Star, and Allan lines come and go 
witli a I'egularity that seems to laugh to scorn the 
Y^erils of the deep, and punctuate, as it were, the 
constant flitting of the steamers that ply to the 
various towns and cities up and down the Delaware. 
When to these are added the "ocean tramps" fa- 
miliar to every seaport, the busy tugs, the ponderous 
ferry-boats, the vast fleet engaged in the grain, the 
oil, the fish, and the produce trades, to say nothing 
of the jaunty Delaware River "tuck-up" and the 
saucy sporting craft, an ensemble is made that 
fringes the water-front of the city with a life and 
character of Its own, and which, like the larger 
world ashore, needs always the oversight and 
sometimes the intervention of the guardians of 
the law to keep it straight. These are afforded 
by the harbor police, a force consisting of a lieu- 
' tenant, a sergeant, two engineers, two j^ilots, and 
ten men, who are charged with the protection of life and property on the waters of the 
harbor and along the docks. A steam-tug and two row-boats constitute their equipment 
for patrolling the harbor, and one of the small boats is constantly manned and on the 
water. The force is almost entirely composed of men who have seen service in the civil 
war, and who have the courage, the discipline, and the fighting capacity of trained soldiers. 
These qualities are all needed in the dangerous and difficult service which they are called 
on to perform. The uninitiated have no conception of the amount of crime and attoinpted 
crime that finds its sphere of operations on tlie water-front. The "Rogue Riderhoods" and 
"Gaffer Hexanis," so grapliically described by Dickens, iiave their types along the Delaware 
and the Schuylkill as well as on tlie Thames. Not tliat they all, or for the most part, follow the 
repulsive quest of Dickens's wort.liy pair, but they hang like hawks about the water-side, ever 
ready to pounce upon an unguai'ded bale or barrel, and, if not able to get away witii it bodily, 



BASIN DOCK. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



15 




f S_Luji- ^- 



to break it open and load themselves with its contents. The 
fruit and produce wliarves l^eep these gentry well supplied 
witli tlie delicacies of tlie season, and many of the necessaries 
of life come similarly to tlieir hands. Nor do they stop with 
tlie wholesale raiding of the wharves. Under cover of night's 

darkness they row stealthily 
out to a newly-arrived vessel 
anchored in mid-stream, 
and while the crew — enjoy- 
ing, perhaps, the first real 
rest they have known since 
their voyage began — are 
wrapped in sleep, tliey 
prowl about the vessel like 
rats, filching and carrying 
away whatever they can 
lay hands on. If they are op- 
posed, they make no scruple 
to silence the opi^oser with 
a knife-thrust, or a gag and 
a push over the ship's side. 
Against such as these do the 
harbor police constitute a 
much-needed and, for the most part, an etRcient protection. The force acts also as firemen. 
When a vessel or a building along the river-front takes fire, the harbor police tug steams 
immediately to the scene of the disaster, and is able to throw five streams of water a distance 
of two hundred feet. 

Another department of the operations of the harbor police is in saving life. In the course 
of a year they rescue many a fellow-being from a watery grave. The would-be suicide, the 
victim of violence or accident, the jolly tar seeking his ship after a carouse on shore : all 
these, and more, are every year found among the beneficiaries of this useful organization. 
And not the living only, but the dead also furnish occupation to the harbor police, for on 
them, mainly, devolves the duty of grappling for the bodies of those who have come to their 
death by drowning, or have been east into the river as the sequel to a violent end on shore. 

It is claimed, and probably with justice, that Philadelphia's harbor police is more effective 
than any similar force in the country ; and the general good order which it maintains within 
the sphere of its operations does 
certainly bear unimpeachable 
evidence to its efficiency. 
Considering its smallness and 
the extensive area over which 
it operates, — including the 
Schuylkill, from Flat Rock 
Dam to its mouth, and the Del- 
aware, from Greenwich Point 
to Richmond, — it is a matter 
of wonder that it succeeds as 
well as it does in repi'essing 
crime and protecting property. 
This cursory survey of a 
few of the prominent features 
of the city's water-front suffi- 
ciently indicates the wonderful 
transformation which the pass- 
ing years have effected since 
Penn arrived in the Delaware 
on his good ship "Welcome." Delaware river 




16 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



The "green country town" 
of his imagining has become 
a mighty mart of business, 
and the river-bank which 
he dreamed of keeping as a 
public promenade and pleas- 
ure-ground forever is now 
the crowded site of structures 
devoted to commerce and 
manufactures. The latter, it 
is true, constitute, ratlier 
than the former, Pliiladel- 
phia's chiefest title to im- 
portance, as they have, and 
do, that of all tlie foremost 
cities of the world. Phila- 
delphia's pre-eminence as a 
manufacturing centre has 
been largely the consequence 
of the discovery and use of 
anthracite coal, and from. 
small beginnings her industrial interests have grown with rapid strides till now they have 
attained to proportions of marvellous magnitude. The city census of 1882-83 showed a total 
of two hundred and forty-two thousand four hundred and eighty-three persons engaged in 
productive industries, twelve thousand and sixty-thx-ee manufacturing establishments, and 
a yearly product aggregating in value a total of nearly five hundred millions of dollars. 




HAJtHult POLICE. 



^ ^] | GENERAL idea of the plan of the streets and the system of house numbering is essen- 
ljj% tial to afford the visitor to Philadelphia an opportunity of seeing the city and its places 
^ of particular interest with ease and comfort. These once understood, no city in the 
world i^resents fewer difficulties to the stranger in making his way about it. 

All tlie streets running north and south are numbered from a base-line wliich is best 
described by saying that it is one square east of Front Street. In the original city, this is the 
Delaware ; but the stream curves both above and below these limits, and so streets east of that 
line are found in Kensington, Richmond, Southwark, and other parts of the present city. 

The houses are numbered alternately, — even numbers on the south side of the street, odd 
numbers on the north. Front Street being No. 1, the house next west of it is No. 100. At 
Second Street, though the first 100 is not exhausted, a second series begins ; and in this way 
one can always tell between what north-and-south-running streets he is. If the number of 
the nearest house is 836, for instance, he knows that Eighth Street is east of him, and that the 
next street west is Ninth. 

The regular succession of the numbered streets is interfered with in the vicinity of the 
Schuylkill by the winding course of that stream, which at Market Street causes a hiatus from 
Twenty-third to Thirtieth Streets. As, however. Thirtieth Street follows the western bank 
of the river, it forms a convenient means of distinguishing the location of a given address, as 
everything west of Tiiirtieth Street (and consequently, all houses numbered over 3000, in this 
direction) must be in West Philadelphia. 

Some unimportant exceptions to the rule just stated may be noticed in the way of named 
streets running north and south ; but there are few ; and being, with the exception of Franklin 
Street, and i)erhaps one or two others, little better tlian alleys, they are not likely to mislead 
the visitor. But there are no exceptions to the rule that edf streets running east and went have 
names, instead of numbers. 

Market Street is always considered as a point of dei)arture in reckoning these streets. It 
is, indeed, the base-line of the city. From it the houses are numbered nortli and south, and 
it is the grand business centre, — the great artery, lying in the middle of the body corporate, 



18 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



and sending its streams of liuman ajid commercial life to all parts, not only of the metropolis, 
but of the State. This was the " High Street" of Penn and his successors, and its magnificent 
width was first made available to accommodate a line of market-houses which tlie founders 
of the place early provided for. The encroachments of commerce swept these out of existence 
long ago, but not before they had given the street its new name. It is one hundred feet wide, 
and, like Broad, runs in a perfectly straight line from one side of the city to the other. As in 
the streets running east and west, so in those running north and south, the houses are num- 
bered alternately, even numbers on the west, odd numbers on the east, and certain streets are 
designated as boundaries of the hundreds ; for, wiien the city came to be closely built up, it 
was found that Penn's magnificent plan was on too grand a scale for practical purposes, and 
what miglit be termed intercalary streets had to be introduced. Another reason for these 
intermediate streets is that, as the city grew beyond its pristine limits, it became necessary to 
deflect tlie streets from a right line in order to accommodate tliem to tlie ground to be covered, 
as its shape was determined by the curving banks of the two rivers ; and still another reason 
may be found in the failure of those who laid out the suburbs to foresee the day when their 
infant colonies would be swallowed up by the young giant in their midst. They never 
expected them to be made part of Philadelphia, and saw no reason why their streets should 
conform to others just starting two or three miles away. 

After all, though, the streets forming the "even hundreds" are, with few exceptions, the 
principal ones, and are easily recognized, even without the assistance of the lists which may 
be obtained at any hotel. 

A few notable exceptions to the rectangular plan of the streets stretch away from the 
original town-plot, crossing lots as recklessly as if made by school-boys impatiently taking the 
nearest way to chestnut-grove or huckleberry -patch, in the far-away past, and leading to the 
very confines of the city. These are the remains of highways built to connect Philadelphia 
with the outlying towns around her. They were formerly called roads ; and even now, 




OLD SOUTH STKEET. 



though polite usage styles them "avenues," the homelj^ phrase of the common folk clings to 
the old title, and it will be long before "Ridge Avenue" will be as familiar to the genuine 
Philadelphian as the " Ridge Road" of his boyhood. There is a local pride in keeping up tlie 
old names, — a certain home feeling, a familiarity born of old associations, which one does not 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



19 



willingly surrender. "Ridge Avenue" has a grandiloquent sound, well calculated to tickle 
the ears of "outside barbarians," and quite good enougli for them ; but what do they know 
about " Ridge Road"? "Ridge Avenue" leads to Manayunk and the valley of the Schuyl- 
kill, but "Ridge Road," or its still dearer form, "the Ridge," leads back into the recesses of 
every true Philadelphian's memory. Think you he will easily vacate this highway to the 
past? 

Another of these historic avenues leads to Germantown ; one goes to Frankford ; another 
to Darby ; Passyunk Avenue starts from South Street, below Fifth, and runs southwest to 
Point Breeze ; while others, again, are to be found in different parts of the city, running 
in all imaginable directions, as tliey were located by and for the public conv'enience. 

And now a word about the squares of Philadelphia, which formed a prominent feature of 
Penn's original plan, and which have, for the most pai't, been maintained as it was intended 
by the founder that they should be. Where now stands the immense and ornamental pile 
of the new Public Buildings, Penn laid out a grand square, ten acres in extent, to be called 
Centre Square, and in each quarter of the city one of eight acres. Centre Square became the 
site of the reservoir of the first water-supply system attempted in Philadelphia, the water 
being brought from the Schuylkill, at Chestnut Street, by means of a brick conduit, and 
distributed from the reservoir through log pipes. After the removal of the water-works it 




INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, FROM WALNUT STREET. 



shrank from its original magnificent proportions to the comparatively insignificant Penn 
Squares of recent years, and these ai-e now obliterated by the erection of the Public Buildings. 
Washington Square is at Sixth and Walnut Streets, close beside what was once the State- 
House yard, now Independence Square. It was once a " Potter's Field." Franklin Square, at 
Sixth and Race Streets, was also long used as a burying-ground. At Eighteenth and Walnut 
Streets, in the heart of the most fashionable residence quarter, is Rittenhouse Square. Logan 
Square is at the intersection of Eighteenth and Race Streets, and was the site of the great 
Sanitary Commission Fair, in 1864, when the entire area was roofed over and boarded up, the 
trunks of the trees standing as pillars in the aisles of the huge building, with their branches 
waving far above the roof. These, with the addition of Independence Square, the compara- 



20 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




lilTXKNHOUStJ SUUAKE. 



tively new Norris Square, in Kensington, and Jefferson Square, at Tliird Street and Wasli- 
ington Avenue, are tlie most important in the city, but there are several smaller ones in dif- 
ferent sections. Fairmount Park deserves and will have a separate and more extended notice. 



tAVING thus given the visitor this general ground plan of the city, let us now direct 
him to some of the places and things best worth his attention. And first we would 
have him realize that in Philadelphia he will find more souvenirs of our early history 
as a nation than in any city in the Union. Of two of the most interesting relies of our 
local past, Penn's House and the Old Swedes' Church, we have already spoken. Still 
another remains which, while in one sense local, is so intimately associated with the history of 
a great religious denomination, and also with many of the illustrious men who helped to found 
the republic, that it may be regarded as an object of national interest as well. We refer to 
Christ Church, situated on Second Street, north of Market. The original building was erected 
in 1695. It was "a goodly structure for those days, and of brick, with galleries large enough 
to accommodate more than five hundred persons." The existing edifice was begun in 1727, 
and finished by the raising of the steeple in 1753-54. Here, in 1785, was held the first conven- 
tion of the Episcopal Churches in Pennsylvania. Here, also, Washington used to Avorship, 
together with many others of those whom our country delights to honor. Under the aisles 
are buried John Penn, Dr. Richard Peters, Robert Asheton, and other men of note in 
their day. 

The bells in the high tower are said to be the oldest on this side of the Atlantic, — certainly 
the oldest chime. They joined in the psean with which the vState-House bell announced the 
birth of Liberty, and fled, like many of the congregation tliat worshipped below them, when 
it became evident that the city could not hold out against the enemy ; but, like the congre- 
gation, they returned when the enemy was gone, and were not a whit dishearteni'd l)y 
their exile. 

These bells, eight in number, were cast in Loudon. Their leader, the tenor, says, " Christ 
Church, Philadelphia, 1754. Thomas Lester and Thomas Peck, of London, made us all." 
They were brought over, free of charge, by Captain Jiudden, in the ship "Myrtilla," and 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



21 



never failed thereafter to ring a joyous welcome when- 
ever the captain's ship was seen coining up the river. 
One was cracked about 1834-35 and returned to its 
birthplace, White Chapel Bell Foundry, where Thomas 
Mears, the successor of Messrs. Lester and Peck, recast 
it and sent it back with an appropriate inscription. 
A tablet in the ringers' room records the fact that " On 
Sunday, June 9, 1850, was rung in this Steeple Mr. 
Holt's celebrated ten-part peal of Graudsire triples, con- 
sisting of 5040 changes, 

in 3 hours and 15 min- , 

utes, by [eight per- 
formers] , being the 
first peal of change- 
ringing ever performed 
in the United States." 

The massive tim- 
bers which u p h o 1 d 
these bells are as sound 
as when put in, a cen- 
tury ago, and look as 
if they were good for 
another cen tury, at 
least. 

The steejile of this 
church is one hundred 
and ninety-six feet in 
height, and the view 
from the outlook, 
which is probably one 
hundred and fifty feet 
from the ground, is 
beautiful enough to re- 
pay visitors for all the 
risk they run of cracked 
crowns and broken 
necks in ascending the 
dark and tortuous 
stairs. 

On the south side of Chestnut Street, about midway between 
Third and Fourth Streets, an iron railing guards the i)afehage-way to a 
building which deserves more than any other the proud title of the 
cradle of American Independence. It is Carpenters' Hall, the place 
where, as an inscription on the wall proudly testifies, "Henry, Han- 
cock, and Adams inspired the Delegates of the Colonies with Nerve and Sinew for the Toils 
of War;" the place where the first Continental Congress met, and where the famous "first 
prayer in Congress" was delivered by Parson Duche on the morning after the news of the 
bombardment of Boston had been received, and men knew that the war was indeed 
"inevitable." 

Here the first Provincial Assembly held its sittings, to be succeeded by the British troops, 
and afterwards by the first United States Bank, and still later by the Bank of Pennsylvania. 

Built in 1770, Carpenters' Hall was at first intended only for the uses of the Society of 
Carpenters, by whom it was founded. Its central location, however, caused it to be used for 
the meetings of delegates to the Continental Congress, and for other public purposes ; and 
when no longer needed for these it passed from tenant to tenant, until it degenerated into an 
auction-room. Then the Company of Carpenters, taking patriotic counsel, resumed control 
of it, fitted it up to represent as nearly as might be its appearance in Revolutionary days, and 




"V"?^ •^ 



:c.n'il»»— ■ 



22 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




INDEPENDENCE HALL. 



now keeps it as a sacred relic. Tlie walls are hung with interesting mementos of the tnnes 
that tried men's souls. The door is always open to the patriotic visitor. 

Little need be said of Independence Hall, for it is known wherever America h^^^^lt ^- 
known, and its history is a familiar one to every school-boy. Commenced m ^':^^-'^^^^- 
pleted in 1735, the State-Honse is most intimately associated in the American mind ^Mth t he 
atl 1776. lA the east room of the main building (Independence Hall proper) the second 
Continental Congress met, and there, on the 4th of July, 1776, the ^^^^^^^Zt^^^'^ 
dence was adopted, and from the steps leading into Independence Square, then the State-Ho ise 
yard il was read to the multitude assembled by the joyful pealing of the bell overhead,-the 
same bell which now, cracked and useless, but with its grand, prophetic motto stil intact, 
re's in state in the entrance hall. And in Congress Hall, in the second story, Washington 
delivered his farewell address. . -^ mi 

Independence Hall is preserved as befits the glorious deed that was done in it. The 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



23 



furniture is the same as that used by Congress ; portraits of our country's heroes crowd the 
walls, and relics of our early history are everywhere. The building- stands on the south side 
of Chestnut Street, between Fifth and Sixth. The tliree isolated buildings which stood here 
in 1776 are now connected, others having been built in the s^jaces between them, and the 
entire square is now used 



for court-rooms and of- 
fices connected with 
them, and has a local 
reputation as "State- 
House Row." 

Visitors are admitted 
to' Independence Hall 
between eight a.m. and 
ten P.M., daily. An in- 
teresting musemn of ar- 
ticles connected with 
American history has 
also been established 
here, which contains 
much to attract the at- 
tention of the patriotic 
visitor. 

A fine marble statue 
of Washington stands in 
front of the building, and 
is a fitting genius loci. 

At the southwest 
corner of Seventh and 
Market Streets a tablet 

in the wall of the building now occupying the site commemorates the fact that on that spot 
stood the house in which Thomas Jefterson wrote the immortal Declaration of Independence. 

Anotlier slirine which the patriotic pilgrim will not fail to visit is Franklin's grave. It is 
in the graveyard of Christ Church, on the corner of Fifth and Arch Streets. A section of iron 
railing in the brick wall on Arch Street permits the visitor to look upon tlie plain slab which, 
in accordance with Franklin's wishes, covers all that remains of the philosopher-statesman 
and his wife. 




INTERIOR OF INDEPENDENCE ilAI.I 



"^ ^E proceed now to glance at some of the public buildings of a more modern date, which, 
^^ both by reason of their architectural features and of their uses, are wortliy objects of 
interest. The architecture of our public buildings in the period immediately suc- 
ceeding the Revolution and down to a very recent date was almost uniformly on Roman and 
Grecian models, and many good specimens of these styles are to be found in Philadelphia. A 
fine example of the Doric order is the United States Custom-House, on Cliestnut Street, below 
Fifth. It was originally the United States Bank,— the second of the institutions chartered 
under that name for conducting the fiscal operations of the general government, the first 
having been housed in the fine Corinthian edifice now known as the Girard Bank, on Third 
Street, below Chestnut. The Custom-House was modelled after the Parthenon, at Athens, 
and was designed by William Strickland. It is occupied by the Collector of Customs and the 
Assistant Treasurer of the United States, with their respective subordinates. 

One of the most interesting of all the public buildings of Philadelphia is the United 
States Mint, on Chestnut Street, below Broad. This building was erected in 1829, pursuant 
to an act of Congress enlarging the operations of the government coining, and supplementary 
to the act creating the Mint, which was passed in 1792. The structure is of the Ionic order, 
copied from a temple at Athens. It is of brick, faced with marble ashlar. Visitors are ad- 
mitted between nine and twelve o'clock, every day except Saturday and Sunday ; and the 



24 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




UNITED STATES CUSTOM-HOUSE. 



beautiful and delicate operations and contrivances for coining, as well as the extensive 
numismatic cabinet, are well worth seeing. 

The Post-Office Building, on the northwest corner of Ninth and Chestnut Streets, is an 




UNITED STATES MINT. 



_., „ ^^ . _ _ edifice notable for its great size and solidity of 

"^"^ construction. Its style of architecture is the 

modern renaissance^ and it is admirably adapted to the uses to which it is devoted. Besides 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



25 




Jv^"*' 



fr/" ';,^-'",..-^ff 



. ,r ' >* 









r : n. 



^^ 



f,r-^'%^f....;.,- 




the Po^t-Oftce, it con- 
tains the United States 
Couit Rooms and offices 
for \aiious officials of 
the federal troA( inmeiit. 
Tiie N ( u Public 
Bmldinir-., which i^ th( kiral titlt ot the 
niatriiifictnl nuuhk pile now neaiing 
complttion at the inttist( tion of Eioad 
and INIaikct htucts, aie intended to ac- 
commodate all officials of the State and 
cit\ now quaitcrcd on Independence 
Square and in different parts of the city. 
The work of preparing the ground for 
this great building was begun in 1871. 
The corner-stone was laid, with Masonic 
ceremonies, on the 4th of July, 1874. 
Its total cost is estimated at fifteen mil- 
lions, and eleven million eight hundred 
and fifty-three thousand five hundred 
and thirty-two dollars have already been expended in its construction. It is the largest 
building in America, being four hundred and eighty-six and one-half feet in length, north 
and south, and four hundred and seventy feet in width, east and west. The main tower 
IS to be surmounted by a bronze statue of Penn, and its height will be five hundred and 
thirty-seven feet, an altitude greater than that of any spire in the world, and of all human 
constructions second to the Washington monument alone. The area actually covered is 
nearly four and one-half acres, not including the enclosed court-yard, which is two hun- 
dred feet square. The basement story is of fine white granite, and the superstructure 
of white marble. Its style of architecture is the renaissance, modified to suit the purposes 



POST-OFFICE. 



26 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 







NEW PUlil.lC BUILDINGS. 

Of the buildin-. Both without and within it is profusely enriched with sculptures and 
symbolical ornamentation. While, owing to its detached and central position, eacli of its sides 
is necessarily a front, its true and proper front is to the north, looldng up Broad btreet. it is 
on this side that the great tower rises, a beacon visible for many miles in every direction, 
and destined to become an object of affection to every Pliiladelphian as marking the haven 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



27 



where he would be" when, wearied 
with journeying, he approaclies his 
longed-for home. On this side, too, 
the space between the building and 
the street widens into a broad espla- 
nade, on which stands a fine eques- 
trian statue, in bronze, of General 
John F. Reynolds, one of Pennsyl- 
vania's most gallant sons, who laid 
down his life at Gettysburg defend- 
ing his native soil from invasion and 
pillage. It is to be hoped that other 
statues of men famous in war or 
peace may yet be placed on this 
spot, which is so admirably suited 
for their site. 

This imposing edifice contains 
five hundred and twenty rooms, ag- 
gregating a floor space of fourteen 
and a half aci-es, and aflfords ample 
provision for all present and prospec- 
tive demands upon it. The building 
was designed by John McArthur, Jr., 
who has superintended its construc- 
tion throughout. Its erection is in 
charge of a Commission, of which 
Samuel C. Perkins is chairman. 

But magnificent as is this stu- 
pendous pile, it does not exhaust the 
architectural attractions of its imme- 
diate locality. Fronting it on the 
west rises the highly-ornate brick 
and terra-cotta facade of the Broad 
Street Station, which has already 
been mentioned, and which, with 
its high Gothic windows, its lofty 
clock-tower, and its rich red color, 
is one of the handsomest structures 
the city contains. 
Turning to the northeast corner of Filbert Street, we find 
the Masonic Temple rearing its stately head high above the 
neighboring houses. It is Iniilt of granite, dressed at the 
quarry, and brought to the temple ready to be raised at once 
to its place ; so that what was said of Solomon's Temple may 
be said with almost equal truth of this : "There was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of 
iron heard in the house, while it was in building." 

This temple is one hundred and fifty feet in breadth by two hundred and fifty in length, 
with a side elevation of ninety feet above the pavement, its colossal proportions making it 
seem low even at this height. A tower two hundred and thirty feet high rises at one corner. 
The entire building is devoted to Masonic uses, there being nine lodge-rooms, together with 
a library and officers' rooms. It is said to be the most costly building, devoted to Masonry, in 
the world. 

Adjoining the Masonic Temple on the north is the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal 
Church, the handsomest church of this denomination in the city. The intersection of 
Broad and Arch Streets is, indeed, noteworthy for its churches. The pure white marble 
of the Methodist Church, on the southeast corner, the rich brown stone of the First 
Baptist Church, on the northwest corner, and the green syenite of the Lutheran Church, 




PUBLIC BUILDINGS, SOUTH 
VESTIBULE. 



28 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



on the southwest corner, present an architectural group wliich for beauty can scarcel.y be 
surpassed in any city. 

A short distance nortli of the Pubhc Buildings, at the corner of Broad and Cherrj^ 
Streets, stands the Academy of Fine Arts. Tlie association to which this building belongs 
was founded, in 1805, by a number of persons who were desirous of promoting the cultivation 




of the fine arts in this country, and who, in 1806, procured 
an act of incorporation by the name and style of the 
"Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts." Its first 

home was in a building which it erected on Chestnut Street, above Tenth, where it began a 
series of exhibitions which continued, annually, for more than half a century. Its present 
fine structure was completed in 1876, and was inaugurated at noonday of the 26th of 
April in that year with appropriate ceremonies. The building presents on Broad Street a 
highly-ornate and striking facade, composed of a central tower and two slightly-recessed 
wings. Over the principal entrance is shrined a mutilated antique statue of the goddess 
Ceres, above which bends the arch of the great east window. The structure is one hundred 
by two hundred and sixty feet, and is practically fire-proof, no wood entering into its (con- 
struction, except a thin lining on the walls to protect the pictures against dampness, a. single 
thickness on some of the floors, and some doors and finishings ; everything else is iron, brick, 
or stone, so that works of art placed within its walls are as safe as luiman care can make them. 
The roof is of iron, covered with slate and glass. Great care has been taken to have the 
ventilation of the galleries as perfect as possible. The principal interior ornamentation of 
the building has been concentrated in the main entrance hall and staircase. The stone used 
in them is Ohio sandstone, from the Cleveland quarries ; the shafts of the columns under the 
stairs are of Victoria and rose crystal marbles and Jersey granite, and those of tlie upper hall 
of Tennessee marble. The capitals of all tlie interior columns are of French Eschallon 
marble ; the rail of the main staircase is of solid bronze. The cost of the building was nearlv 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



29 



four hundred thousand dollars, and of the site ninety-five tliousand dollars. Within this 
noble building is gathered one of the most extensive and, historically considered, the most 
interesting collection in the United States. It includes between two and three hundred oil- 
paintings, numerous bronzes, marbles, and sculptures, several hundred casts, and many thou- 
sand engravings. But the Academy of Fine Arts is something more than a splendid picture- 
and sculpture-gallery. It embraces a system of schools supported in the interest of those who 
intend to become professional artists, authority to establish which is derived from a supple- 
ment to tlie act of incorporation, passed on the 22d of February, 1872. Beside those who 
expect to devote themselves to painting and sculpture as a means of livelihood, lithographers, 
cliina painters, and decorators are cordially welcomed to the schools, and amateurs are also per- 
mitted to use them so far as is practicable without interference with the professional students. 
The Academy does not undertake to furnish detailed instruction, but, rather, facilities for 
study supplemented by the occasional criticism of teachers. The influence of the students 
upon each other is largely counted on as a means of instruction. The classes consist of a first 
and second antique class, a life class, and modelling classes. Lectures on artistic anatomy are 
delivered twice a week, and the facilities for the study of anatomy are much superior to those 
possessed by any art school in the world. Among recent benefactors of the Academy, the late 
John S. Phillips and the late Joseph E. Temjjle are prominent examples. Mr. Phillips left to 
it his comprehensive and choice collection of engravings, one of the most valuable in the 




INTKRIOR OF ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. 



country, and Mr. Temple made it bequests aggregating one hundred thousand dollars. To 
INIr. Temple the public owes the two days of free admission which are now allowed, a require- 
ment to that effect having been made a condition of certain of his bequests. The free days 
are Sunday and Monday ; on other days a charge of twenty-five cents is made for admission. 

Still farther north on Broad Street, at the corner of Broad and Callowhill Streets, is the 
armory of the First Regiment N.G. of Pa., a castellated Gothic building three stories in height, 
and standing upon a lot measuring one hundred and forty by two hundred and twenty feet. 
The structure is of rock-face mason work to the height of fourteen feet, the trimmings to the 
windows and doors, the string and belt lines being of dressed stone. The upper portion of 
the building is of brick. The Broad Street front contains the principal entrance, which is 



30 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




NEW ARMORY OF THE FIRST REGIMENT, BROAD STREET. 



V 

flanked by two towers rising to a 
height of one hundred and twenty 
feet. There are also entrances on 
Callowhill and Carlton Streets. 
The window openings of the lower 
story are twelve feet above the 
street, and the wall section beneath them is pierced with loops for rifle service. The front or 
main building is sixty-five by one hundred and thirty-eight feet, the first floor being divided 
into rooms for the commandant, surgeons, field and staff .quartermaster's clerk, veteran corps, 
board of officers, adjutant, and companies A, B, C, and D ; on the second floor are rooms for 
companies E, F, G, H, and K, squad drill-room, drum-corps room, kitchen, and billiard-room. 
The loft, or upper story, contains dressing-rooms and store-rooms for the quartermaster. In 
the basement are store-rooms, magazine, janitor's quarters, armorer's room, wash- and 
dressing-rooms, and the heating apparatus. The drill-room on the flrst floor is one hundred 
and thirty-nine by one hundred and fifty-flve feet, with gun-racks at the eastern end and a 
gallery for visitors at the western end. It also has suitable arrangements for gymnastics and 
athletic sports. Architecturally the building is an ornament to the city, and as an armory 
is complete in all of its appointments, amply providing for the convenience and comfort of 
its occupants. The establishment represents a total cost of two hundred thousand dollars, — 
eighty thousand for the lot and one hundred and twenty thousand for the structure. 

Southward from the Public Buildings, on the southwest corner of Broad and Sansom 
Streets, stands the fine building of the Union League Club. This organization was formed 
on November 21, 1862, during the civil war, for the purpose of contributing moral and 
material aid to the government in its great struggle for the maintenance of the Union. To 
this end it sought to bring into membershi]) with it prominent professional men, merchants, 
and responsible citizens generally, who, by c()ml)ining their ettbrts and influence, might 
powerfully affect the public sentiment of the city, and practically unify it in favor of a loyal 
support of the government and a vigorous prosecution of the war. It commenced with but 
forty members. In February, 1863, it secured ciuarters in the Kuhn mansion, on Chestnut 
Street, above Eleventh, remaining there till August, 1864, when it moved into the house 
adjoining, but soon set altout building an establishment of its own. The lot at Broad and 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



31 



Sansom Streets was purchased, and the erection of the present structure commenced. This was 
completed and talven possession of in May, 1865. It was, however, during the occupancy of 
the Cliestnut Street quarters that its greatest results were accojiiplished. It was instrumental 
in raising and organizing nine regiments of infantry and one of cavalry ; and, besides its 
efforts in that direction, it published and circulated many documents and papers calculated 
to stimulate a patriotic fervor. After the war it vigorously supported the reconstruction 
measures advocated by the Republican party, and took a very active part in jjolitics generally. 
With the gradual softening of the bitter feuds engendered by the war, it lost somewhat of its 
partisan and political character, and took on a more distinctively social aspect. It has, how- 
ever, even in recent years, repeatedly intervened very effectively in political campaigns, and 
always maintains a lively interest in public affairs. It possesses a valuable art collection, 








UNION LEAGUE CLUB HOUSE. 



embracing portraits in oil and busts of distinguished civilians, military and naval com- 
manders, and heroes of the war, besides historic relics, flags, and patriotic souvenirs. The 
original cost of the League House was about two hundred thousand dollars, to which there 
has since been added, for extensions and furnishing, an expenditure of one hundred thousand 
more. Its central site, palatial edifice, art collections, and library make it an exceedingly 
valuable property. It now has twelve hundred and fifty meml^ers, and at this writing more 
than one hundred applicants are seeking adinission. 

Still farther down Broad Street, at the corner of Locust, is located the American Academy 
of Music. This large but externally rather plain building was erected in 1856. It is the finest 
music hall in America, and its exceptionally good acoustic properties make it also a favorite 
forum for lectui-ers and political speakers. Its auditorium has a seating capacity for twenty- 
nine hundred persons. The stage is ninety feet wide by seventy-two and one-half feet deep, 
and affords abundant room for th(> production of operatic and dramatic representations, how- 
ever numerous the personnel included in the cast. Tlie brightest stars of the stage in either 
hemisphere have here delighted audiences which, in point of numbers, culture, and fashion, 
have compared very favorably with like assemblies in any capital of Europe. Royalties, 
nobles, and nabobs, the savage of the plains and the dainty disciple of sestheticism, have 



32 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 



occupied its l)oxes and paced its corridors. Here, too, are lield the great annual assemblies, 
charity balls, and similar entertainments which form a prominent feature of Philadelphia's 
winter pastimes, and which present to the on-looker displays of beauty and ftishion which 
can be surpassed by no city in the world. 

The United States Naval Asylum is an interesting institution occupying an irregular plot 
of about twenty-three acres, bounded by Gray's Ferry Road, Bainbridge Street, Sutherland 
Avenue (running parallel with the Schuylkill River), and a wall running thence eastward to 
meet the Gray's Ferry Road again. This plot was originally part of a handsome country-seat 
belonging to the Pemberton family, and known as " Plantation." It was a favorite residence 
of some of the British otRcers during their occupation of Philadelphia, and there is frequent 
mention of it in contemporary journals and correspondence. Mrs. Pemberton, on one occasion, 
in the absence of her husband, extorted an ample apology from a certain Lord Murray, who 
had treated the tenants with "barbarous and unbecoming behavior very unworthy of a 
British nobleman and officer, after being previously shown General Howe's protection posted 
up in the house." From the Pembertons th(> place passed to the Abbots, and was purchased 
from that family by the government, in 1S26, for the sum of seventeen thousand dollars. The 
present tine structure w:»s begun in 1832, under the joint superintendence of Surgeon Thomas 
Harris, U.S.N. , and William Strickland, the architect. It was occupied in the latter part of 
1833, but was not finished internally till 1848. It is constructed of grayish-white marble, with 
a granite basement. It is three hundred and eighty feet in length, and consists of a central 
building, with a high, broad flight of marble steps, imposing abutments, and a marble colon- 
nade and pediments. The wings are symmetrical, and terminate in pavilions, or transverse 
buildings, at each end, furnislied with broad covered verandas on each of the two main floors. 
A fine attic and basement complete tlie building, which is most substantially constructed in 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



33 




UNITED STATKS NAVAL, ASYLUM AND HOSPITAL. 



every part. The marble staircases are especially noticeable for 

their ingenious construction and economy of space. The ceilings of two floors are vaulted in 
solid masonry, and there is a remarkably fine high-domed apartment used as a muster-room 
and chapel. This institution, while it includes a hospital, is not a mere hospital, but is, in 
the true sense of the word, an asylum, — a place of rest and recuperation for "decrepit and 
disabled naval officers, seamen, and marines." 

At Eighth and Pine Streets are the extensive grounds and buildings of the Pennsylvania 
Hospital, an institution whose long and distinguished career of usefulness and benevolence 
entitle it to more than a passing notice. 

In 1750 a number of benevolent persons applied to the Provincial Assembly for a charter 
for a hospital. The credit of originating the inovement is due to Dr. Thomas Bond, at that 
time one of the most distinguished physicians of the city. Benjamin Franklin highly 
approved the project, and subsequently secured the 
charter, which was granted in 1751, in which year a 
few benevolent persons rented a private house, the 
residence of Judge John Kinsey, on the south side 
of Market Street, above Fifth, and there first estab- 
lished the hospital in 1752. 

In December, 1754, the square of ground, four 
and a quarter acres, except a portion which was 
given by the proprietaries, Thomas and Richard 
Penn, sons of William Penn, was bought for five 

hundred pounds ; this lot at that time was far out of town. On the 2Sth of May, 1755, the 
corner-stone of the present noble structure was laid, with the accompanying inscription 
prepared bj" Fi-anklin. 

c 



"IN THE YEAR OF CHRIST 

MDCCLV. 

GEORGE THE SECOND HAPPILY REIGNING 

(for HE SOUGHT THE HAPPINESS OF HIS PEOPLE), 

PHILADELPHIA FLOURISHING 

(for ITS INHABITANTS WERE PUBLIC-SPIRITED), 

THIS BUILDING, 

BY THE BOUNTY OF THE GOVERNMENT, 

AND OF MANY PRIVATE PERSONS 

WAS PIOUSLY FOUNDED 

FOR THE RELIEF OF THE SICK AND MISERABLE. 

MAY THE GOD OF .MERCIES 

BLESS THE UNDERTAKING." 



34 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



In December, 1756, patients were admitted, but it was not until 1800 tliat tlie hospital was 
finished according to the original plan. 

Since the hospital was first opened nearly one hundred and seventeen thousand patients 
have been admitted within its walls. Its benefits have not been confined to the native-born. 
During the last ten years, of more than nineteen thousand admissions, only eight thousand 
five liundred were born in the United States. Medical and surgical cases are alike received, 
and any case of accidental injury, if brought within twenty-four hours, is received without 
question. This institution is, and always has been, the great "accident hospital" of this 
large and ever-increasing manufacturing city. 

The first clinical lectures on medicine and surgery in America were given in this hospital, 
and these have been continued up to this present every Wednesday and Saturday mornings. 













,* '<!l«ir 



?-. 



( rr^^^i ''■ 








""--•:. 



PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, EIGHTH AND PINE STREETS. 



The splendid medical library, containing nearly fifteen thousand volumes, has been col- 
lected from the fees paid by the students for the privilege of attending these demonstrations. 

The department for out-door relief relieves annually many thousands of sick and injured 
poor. A large and valuable pathological museum also adds to the efficiency of the medical 
instruction. 

There are eight attending surgeons and physicians and four resident physicians, also a 
female superintendent of trained nurses, who graduate after a year's service. There is an 
ambulance and telephone service. 

The proper care of the insane was among the important objects sought to be accomplished 
by the establishment of the Pennsylvania Hospital. Until the year 1841 the insane were cared 
for in the parent hospital at Eighth and Pine Streets, when they were removed to the hospital 
building which had l)oen erected on the premises between Market Street and Haverford 
Avenue and Forty-second and Forty-ninth Streets. Since the year 1841 the department for 
the insane has l)e('n known as the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. In 1859 a new hos- 
pital building was completed on the premises, to which the male patients were removed, the 
hospital building first erected on the premises being reserved for female patients. The entrance 
to the Department for Females is at Forty-fourth Street and Haverford Avenue, and to the 
Department for Males, on Forty-ninth Street, between Market Street and Haverford Avenue. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



35 







^*VK '^^ . 



PENNSYI\ANIA HOSPIIAL— INSANE DEPAUIMFNT tOll -MALh-^ 

The whole number of patients received into this department of the hospital since its 
opening in its present location is nine thousand four hundred and seven. The number of 
patients discharged recovered is four thousand one hundred and one, and improved, two thou- 




PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL— INSANE DEPARTMENT FOR FEMALES. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



37 



sand three hundred and sixty-six. The hospital accommodation has been provided by the 
voluntary subscriptions and from bequests of citizens of Philadelphia and vicinity. Tlie re- 
ceipts from the board of patients and a limited number of endowed free beds are applied 
wholly for the maintenance of the hospital. 

Every contribution or legacy of five thousand dollars adds one free bed to the number 
already in use for indigent recent and supposed curable cases. Thirty dollars constitutes a 
contributor for life. 

Changing now our point of view to the northwestern part of the city, we shall find in that 
section several public institutions wliich well deserve the attention of the visitor, and, it may 
be added, of tlie citizen also if he be not already familiar with them. 

On Ridge Avenue, two miles northwest of the New Public Buildings, in an enclosure of 
forty-five acres, surrounded by a high stone wall, stands Girard College, an establishment 
magnificent alike in purpose, plan, and execution. For it, as for many other benefits, Phila- 
delphia is indebted to Stephen Girard, who, dying in 1830, gave the specific sum of two 
million dollars to build the college, and the bulk of his estate to endow it. The college proper 
was fourteen years in build- 
ing, the corner-stone having 
been laid in 1833 and the 
edifice completed in 1847. 
It was designed by Thomas 
U. Walter, and is justly cele- 
brated as one of the most 
beautiful structures of mod- 
ern times, and the purest 
specimen of Grecian archi- 
tecture in America. Besides 
the college proper, the en- 
closure contains eleven large 
marble buildings, used as 
dormitories, class-rooms, 
etc., and providing accom- 
modations for about thirteen 
hundred boys, of whom there 
are now twelve hundred ac- 
tually in residence. By the 
terms of the bequest the 
benefits of the institution 
are limited to poor white 
male orphans, between the 
ages of six and ten years, who 
may remain till they attain 
the age of eighteen years. 

Within the grounds of 
Girard College there was 
erected, in 1869, a monument 
to the memory of those of the 
graduates of the college who 
fell in the civil war. It 
stands west of the main 
building, and consists of a 
granite base, above which 
rises a canopy of sandstone, 
supported by four pillars at 
the corners, within which 
stands a white marble statue 
of a soldier in the position 
of "parade rest." solbiers' monument in girard college grounds. 




38 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 







MOYAMENSING PRISON. 

Tlie Eastern Penitentiary is fi-equently called "Cherry Hill," from the former name of its 
site ; and for the same reason the County Prison, at Tenth Street and Passyunk Avenue, is 
generally known as " Moyamensing." 

The Eastern Penitentiary, to which convicts are sent from the eastern counties of the 
State, is on Fairmount Avenue, near Twenty-second Street. The "separate" {)iot solitary) 
system of confinement is adopted here, and the advantages claimed for this system are that 
convicts are not in danger, when set free, of meeting other prisoners who can identify them, 
and so obtain over them a deleterious influence. 

The House of Refuge, for juvenile offenders, is on Twenty-second Street, near Poplar. 
Visitors are admitted every afternoon, except Saturday and Sunday. 

The new House of Correction, recently built near Holmesburg, is in the northern part of 
the city, and accessible by the Pennsylvania Railroad. This building contains two thousand 
cells, and the sum of one million dollars was expended in its erection. 



A 
fiiiiifejjK 



If 








ACAUKMY OF NATUKAL SCIKIS CliS. 



Retracing our steps towards the more central part of the city, we (hid at Nineteenth and 
Race Streets the Academy of Natural Sciences, a massive Gothic structure, one hundred and 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



39 



eighty-six by eighty-three feet, erected iu 1875. The society to which this fine building be- 
longs was founded, in 1812, by a few gentlemen for mutual study of the laws of nature. Estab- 
lishing themselves on Second Street, nortli of Arch, they began to collect a museum and 
library. They afterwards removed to a building at Twelfth and George (now Sansom) Streets, 
where they remained till 1842, when they occupied the substantial structure at the corner of 
Broad and Sansom Streets, now forming part of the Hotel Lafayette. Their extensive collections 
liaving outgrown their accommodations, the society, in 1876, took possession of its present ele- 
gant edifice, which 
had been constructed 
expressly for its use. 
The museum occu- 
pies an apartment 
on the second floor, 
sixty by one hundred 
and eighty feet, hav- 
ing two galleries, and 
amply lighted from 
above. It contains 
between seven and 
eight hundred thou- 
sand specimens, rep- 
resenting every de- 
partment of zoology, 
geology, and botany. 
The anatomical col- 
lection, which is very 
large, includes Dr. 
Samuel George Mor- 
ton's collection 
of human c r a n i a, 
twelve hundred in 
number. There is an 
immense number of 
mineralogical a n d 
paleontological spe- 
cimens, with a very 
rich collection of fos- 
sils. The botanical 
collection is also very 
large ; that of shells 
is only excelled by 
the cabinet of the 
British M u s e u m ; 
and that of birds, 
numbering about 

thirty-two thousand specimens, is probably unequalled by any collection in Europe. The 
library, occupying an apartment one hundred and thirty by one hundred feet, contains over 
forty thousand books and pamphlets. It has recently been restricted to works on natural 
science, so that it might not outgrow the available space. Visitors to the city should by no 
means fail to see this admirable and interesting institution. 

One of the finest ecclesiastical structures Mhich adorn Philadelphia is the Cathedral of 
SS. Peter and Paul, on Eighteenth Street, fronting Logan Square. It originated with Bishop 
Kendrick, who forty-one years ago took the initial measures for its erection. The land which 
forms its site was purchased of the Farmers' Life and Trust Company, of New York, in 1846. 
On the 29th of June of that year. Bishop Kendrick issued his pastoral letter announcing his 
intention to undertake the erection of the building. Not a little doubt was entertained of the 
suitableness of the location, owing to its being so far westward, but the enterprise was pro- 




CATHEDRAL. 



40 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



ceeded witli. On August 18, 1846, the lines of the building were marked out, and on Septem- 
ber 16 the corner-stone was laid, with imposing ceremonies, in the presence of many thousand 
persons. The style of architecture is the modified, or Roman Corinthian, and the building is 
modelled on the Church of St. Charles, in Rome. It was begun under the superintendence 
of Napoleon Le Brun, who was succeeded by John Notman. Until his promotion to the 
archbishopric of Baltimore, in 1851, Bishop Kendrick labored indefatigably in raising funds 
and pushing on the great work. His successor. Bishop Neumann, was equally earnest and 
diligent, and slowly but surely the walls of the majestic temple rose heavenward. It still 
lacked completion when, in April, 1857, Rt. Rev. James F. Wood was made coadjutor to 
Bishop Neumann, and, coming to Philadelphia, observed the inconvenience which the non- 
completion of the Cathedral occasioned his people. He determined to erect a chapel which, 
as procathedral, should meet their necessities pending the erection of the greater edifice ; 
this was rapidly accomplished, and on December 13, 1857, the chapel was dedicated. Bishop 
Neumann died on the 5tli of January, 1860, leaving the Cathedral nearly complete as to its 
exterior, but with much remaining to be done to perfect its interior arrangements. On Easter 
Sunday, 1862, religious services were held in the Cathedral for the first time, and on Sunday, 
November 20, 1864, it was dedicated by Bishop Wood, who had a bronze medal struck at the 
Mint in commemoration of the event. 




ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL. 



In the immediate neighborhood of the Cathedral, at the corner of Seventeenth and 



Summer Streets, stands, the Philadelphia Orthopsedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous 
Diseases. It was first established as the Philadelphia Ortliopfedie Hospital, in 1867, for the 
treatment of club-foot, spinal and hip disease, and other bodily deformities. 

In 1870 the usefulness of the hospital was further increased by the creation of a service 
for the treatment of nervous diseases. 

The founding of this hospital originated as a result of an interview, in 1866, between Dr. 
Thomas G. Morton and Mr. Dietrich W. Kolbe, the orthopaedic macliinist, who had a long 
personal experience as a sufferer from hi]) disease, and subsequently witnessed the unfortunate 
results which often followed operations upon the cripi)led and deformed. 

Dr. Morton promised to interest our citizens and members of the medical profession in 
founding a hospital which should have for its object the care of tlie deformities of children, 
whether congenital or subsequently accjuired by disease or accident, and shortly aftei-wards 
Drs. Agnew, Goodman, and Gross, together witli Edward Hopper, Dillwyn Parrish, and Joseph 
Turnpenny, joined Dr. Morton in the organization and incorporation of the institution. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



41 



In March, 1886, the old buildings were torn down, and the present edifice, at No. 1701 
Summer Street, was erected, combining all that art and science, ingenuity, and experience 
could suggest in securing the best hospital accommodation. The visitor will be amply repaid 
for whatever time he can devote to a tour through the buildings. 

Since the establishment of this hospital over six thousand deformities and over eight 
thousand nerv^ous cases have been treated in the house and at the out clinics. Over thirteen 
hundred surgical operations have been performed, while the hospital has been able to supply 
a large number of surgical appliances, in whole or in part, without charge. 









FIRST NEW JERUSALEM (SWEDENBORGIAN) CHURCH. 

The New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgian), at the corner of Chestnut and Twenty-second 
Streets, is one of the 'architectural ornaments of Philadelphia. The church edifice has con- 
nected with it an auxiliary building containing Sunday-school rooms, a ladies' parlor, free 
library, and reading-room, and a room devoted to the sale and distribution of books and tracts. 
Both these buildings are of the Gothic order of architecture, but of different periods, — the 
church edifice representing the early English Gothic of the thirteenth century, and the 
auxiliary building the Gothic of a later period. The walls are of New Jersey brownstone, 
the windows of cathedral glass, leaded into mullioned frames of carved stone ; the interior 
wood-work of the church is of cherry, and that of the Sunday-school building of butternut. 
Both are beautiful structures, and reflect credit upon their architect, Theophilus P. Chandler. 
Their effect is heightened by their being so placed as to permit of a parked space or lawn at 
the street corner, and filling the angle between the buildings. This arrangement not only 
gives effective grouping, but affords to both buildings a better supply of light than could be 
otherwise obtained. 

"Tlie New Church," which is the corporate title of the followers of Swedenborg, has had 
representation in Philadelphia for a little more than a century, it having been in June, 1784, 
that James Glen, of Scotland, first promulgated the tenets of Swedenborg in this city. The 
first organization was effected in 1815, and the first house of worship built for the society was 
consecrated on New Year's Day, 1817. In 1822 a second congregation was organized, which 
built a church on Fourth Street, below German, where it worshipped for several years, but 
finally merged with the first society. There is, and has been for many years, a flourishing 
Swedenborgian society in Frankford. The New Church is very active in promulgating its 



42 Philadelphia and its Environs. 



doctrines, and very practical in tlie means it adopts to aeconiplisli that end. It lias long had 
a contract with the great publishing-house of the J. B. Lippincott Company to print, publish, 
and circulate its books, thus securing all the facilities of that establishment in the distribution 
of its doctrinal works. Under the ministry of Rev. Chauncey Giles the congregation at 
Chestnut and Twenty-second Streets is rapidly increasing in numbers, and is vmceasingly 
active in good works. 

A half-mile southwest from the Chestnut Street bridge, at the junction of Spruce Street 
and Woodland Avenue, in West Philadelphia, is tlie site of the University of Pennsylvania. 
In beautiful grounds, including some thirty acres, the handsome buildings of this honored 
seat of learning rear their stately height, and present to the observer an admirable specimen 
of academic architecture, needing only the rime of age to make them compare favorably with 
structures of like character in any part of the world. 

To the active brain and practical mind of Benjamin Franklin is due the original concep- 
tion, not perhaps of the University as now seen in its full development, but of the germ out 
of which it grew. As early as 1743 he recognized the necessity of founding in Philadelphia 
an institution which should be of higher grade and broader scope than any then existing 
school, and endeavored to carry into effect his design of such a seminary. For the time, how- 
ever, he failed to secure the necessary co-ojieration, and his project remained in abeyance till 
1749, when he published his pamphlet entitled "Proposals Relative to the Education of 
Youth in Pennsylvania." Tiiis eflbrt proved more successful, and resulted in the formation 
of a board of trustees, who signed articles of association and subscribed among themselves 
over two thousand pounds for the jjroposed school. There stood at that time, on Fourth 
Street, below Mulberry (now Arch) Street, a structure known as "the new building," which 
had been originally erected for the double purpose of a place of worship and of a charity 
school. This was secured by the trustees of the projected academy, the conditions of the 
transfer being that the academy should include a charity school as i:)artof its scheme, and that 
the building should also be available, on occasion, for preaching and worship. In 17-51 the 
academy was formally opened, with a dedicatory sermon by the Rev. Richard Peters. In 
1753, Thomas and Richard Penn granted the trustees a charter under the name and style of 
"The Trustees of tlie Academy and Charitable Schools in the Province of Pennsylvania," 
which title was, in 1755, changed, by a supplement to the original charter, to that of " The 
Trustees of the College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia." With this title 
was granted the i^ower of conferring degrees. The first commencement was held on May 17, 
1757. The growth of the college made necessary an additional building, which was erected in 
1762, and in the following year there were nearly four hundred students attending the college 
and its schools. 

The Rev. William Smith, D.D., had been chosen provost in deserved recognition of his 
eminence as a scholar and his tireless activity in behalf of the college. In 1779 the Legislature, 
which was politically hostile to the provost and faculty, confiscated the rights and properties 
of the college, and transferred them to a new body chartered as the "Trustees of the Univer- 
sity of the State of Pennsylvania." For a few years both institutions maintained their organ- 
ization, but neither prospered. In 1789 the college was restored to the rights and properties 
of which it had been so unjustly deprived, and in 1791 the two institutions were consolidated 
under the name of "The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania." In 1800 the Univer- 
sity purchased the property at Ninth and Chestnut Streets, where the i-)ost-offlce now stands, 
and tliere remained until 1874, when it took possession of the buildings which it now occupies. 

The University of Pennsylvania is now in the full tide of successful operation. In recent 
years great improvements have been eflfected in the range of its curriculum and the facilities 
for imparting instruction. Its medical department has long been pre-eminent, and its law 
department is rapidly growing into equal estimation. Its department of science, now known 
as the Towne Scientific School, has, by the endowment of John Henry Towne, been enabled 
fully to meet the requirements of the greatly-increased demand for instruction in tliis branch 
of learning. A department of finance and economy was founded in 1881 by Josepli Wliartou, 
whose name it bears. A department of music affords opportunity for culture in the higbcr 
branches of musical study. The department of philosophy embraces post-graduate instruc- 
tion in literature and science. There are also departments of dentistry and of veterinary 
science. 




'}/h 



"A 






"--:^;I^*-^ 




n 



^■3== iff 



44 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




The Hahnemann Medical College, 
located on Broad Street, above Race, is a 
fine edifice in the modified Gothic style of 
architecture, having a central tower ter- 
minating in a pyramidal spire. Tliis in- 
stitution was organized in 1<8(j7, altliough 
it lays claim to date back to tlie organi- 
zation of the Homoeopathic College of 
Pliiladelphia, from which it sprung, and 
with wliich it consolidated. Admitting 
this claim it is the oldest college of homoeo- 
pathic inedicine in the world. The parent 
institution was founded in 1848, and began 
its career in a building in the rear of No. 
627 Aich Street, wlience it removed in 1849 
to Filbert Street, above Eleventh. From 
the outset it had in connection witli the 
college a dispensary for aftbrding gratui- 
tous homoeopathic treatment to the poor. 
The Hahnemann was first located at 1307 
Chestnut Street, but in 1868 removed to 
No. 18 North Tenth Street, where it re- 
mained till its consolidation 
with the parent institution, 
when it took possession of the 
Filbert Street building, finally 
removing to the present site in 
1885. Since the consolidation 
the college has been highly 
prosperous and annually gradu- 
ates a large class. 

The Philadelphia Library, 
founded in 1731, is the oldest 
institution of the kind in the 
United States. It was the out- 
growth of a club called the 
"Junto," which Benjamin 
Franklin started in the winter 
of 1726-27. In 



HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE. 



his "Chronicle 
of Events" 
Frankhn tells 
the story of the 
origin of t h e 
Philadelphia 
Library in these 
words: "About 
this time (1730), 

our club meeting not in a tavern but in a little room of Mr. Grace's set apart for that 
purpose, a proposition was made by me that, since our books were often referred to in our 
distiuisitions upon the queries, it might be convenient to us to have them altogether where 
we met, that upon occasion they might be consulted, and by thus clubbing our books in a 
common library we should, while we liked to keep them together, have each of us the advan- 
tage of using the l)ooks of all the other members, which would be nearly as beneficial as if 
each owned the whole. It was liked and agreed to, and we filled one end of the room with 
such books as we could best spare. The number was not so great as we expected, and though 
they had been of great use, yet, some inconveniences occurring for want of due care of them. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



45 




THE OLD LANTERN. 



the collection after about a year was separated, 
and each took his books home again. 

" And now I set on foot my first project of 
a public nature, — that of a subscription library. 
I drew up the proposals, got them put into 
form by our great scrivener, Brockden, and, by 
the help of my friends in the Junto, procured 
fifty subscribers of forty shillings each to begin 
with, and ten shillings a year for fifty years, 
the term our company was to continue. We 
afterward obtained a charter, the company 
being increased to one hundred. This was the 
mother of all the North American subscription 
libraries, now so numerous." 

The instrument of association bears date 
July 1, 1731, and on the 8th of November fol- 
lowing, the fifty subscriptions having been ob- 
tained, Joseph Breintnall, the secretary, sum- 
moned the directors named in the instrument 
to meet at the house of Nicholas Scull, "to take 
bond of the treasurer for the faithful perform- 
ance of his trust, and to consider of and appoint 
a proper time for the payment of the money subscribed, and other matters relating to the 

said library." At this meet- 
ing William Coleman was 
elected treasurer, and the 
organization of the Phila- 
delphia Library Company 
perfected. The price of a 
share was fl^xed at forty 
shillings. Early in 1732 a 
remittance of forty -five 
pounds was made to Lon- 
don for books, which were 
purchased by Peter Collin- 
.son, of London, who added 
to them as a present to the 
library a copy of Sir Isaac 
Newton's " Philosopliy" 
and Philip Miller's "Gar- 
dener's Dictionary." 

The first depository of 
the books of the Philadel- 
l)hia Library was a cham- 
ber in the house of Robert 
Grace, which stood on the 
site of what are now 131 
Market Street and 120 and 
122 Church Street, formerly 
known as Jones's Alley. 
From Grace's the books 
were removed to the house 
of William Parsons, and in 
17-40 to the State-House, 
the use of a small room in 
which had been granted 
the Company by the A.ssembly. Repeated attempts were made to obtain a part of the State- 




A BOOKWORM. 



46 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




House Square as a 
site for the erection 
of a library build- 
ing, but without 
success. In 1738 
Thomas Penn, the 
projDrietary, h a d 
given the Comj^any 
a lot on the south 
side of Chestnut 
Street, about naid- 
w a y between 
Eighth and Ninth, 
but for some reason 
it was never availed 
of as a building site. 
From the State- 
House the books 
were removed to 
the second floor of 
Carpentei's' Hall in 
1773. Here they re- 



LUlKAliV CUMl'ANV (>1 I'll 1 LADEJ.1'111 A AT FliTH AXn LIBUAKY STKKKTS. malUed tlirOUgllOUt 

the Revolutionary 
war, during which, although neither of the belligerents did violence to the books, the use of 
the library was much impeded by the occupancy of the lower floor of the building as a soldiers' 
hospital. At a meeting held March 11, 1777, a committee was appointed to wait on General 
Gates, in order to procure, if possible, an order for the removal of the sick soldiers. 

The various efforts to procure a suitable lot on which to erect a library building eventuated 
finally in 1789 in locating on Fifth Street, south of Chestnut, and there the Company erected 
the building which, until its demolition within a few months past, had become the familiar 
outward expression of this time-honored institution. Here the library remained, growing in 
importance and useful- . '-^---^^=-_zl 

ness with the revohing ^ ' 

years, till, in 1880, it re- 
moved to its present com- 
modious building at Lo 
cust and Juniper Streets. 
Meanwhile, howevei, it 
had received and taken 
possession of the magnifi- 
cent structure 
which stands on 
Broad, between 
Christian and 
Carpenter Streets. 
This is the Ridg- 
w a y Library 
building, of the 
Doric order of ar- 
chitecture, built 
of gran i te, and 
presenting on 
Broad Street a 
front of two hun- 

LWenty liukaky company of Philadelphia at locust 

feet. With its exterior view, 




Il'NIPKU STREKTS, 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



47 



-J 






/> I 







grounds it takes uj) the whole 
squaie bounded by Bioad, Chris- 
tian, Thirteentli, and Carpenter 
Streets. It was the gift of the late Dr. James 
Rush, who by his will devoted his estate, valued 
"^ at about a million of dollars, to founding a 

library, which was to be placed in charge of the 
INTERIOR VIEW, LOCUST AND JUNIPER STREETS. Philadelphia Library Company, if it would ac- 
cept the trust upon the conditions he annexed. 
He named it for his wife, from whom he had derived the major portion of the estate thus 




LIBRARY COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA — RIDGWAY BRANCH. 



48 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



bequeathed, and who was the daughter of Jacob Ridgway, one of the early merchant princes 
of Phihidelphia. After some two years of litigation instituted by the Library Company to 
restrain Dr. Rush's executors from locating the building on its present site, which was deemed 
unsuitable by reason of its remoteness from the residences of members and patrons of the 
library, the building was proceeded with, and on its completion was accepted by the Library 
Company in accordance with the conditions imposed by the testator. 

On the 6th of May, 1878, the Library Company took possession of the Ridgway branch, 
and a portion of the books of the Philadelphia Library, including the Loganian Library, were 
transferred to it. The Ridgway is in telephonic connection with the Philadelphia Library 
at Locust and Juniper Streets, and a reader at either desiring a book that is in the other can 
have it sent him by messenger, with only so much delay as is necessarily involved in the transit. 

The most popular of the libraries of Philadelphia is the Mercantile, occupying a structure, 
formerly a market-house, on Tenth Street, north of Chestnut. It dates from 1821, when the 
initial steps were taken towards its organization. It was first opened to its members on the 
5th of March, 1822, and for some years led a rather precarious existence. It became a char- 
tered incorporation in 1826, having previously been an association of subscribing members. 
From the date of its incorporation it became more prosperous, and was enabled, in 1844, to 
buy a lot at the southeast corner of Fifth and Library Streets, and to erect on it a building 
wdiich it occupied until its removal to its present location in 1869. It has now a collection of 
books numbering one hundred and fifty thousand, and affords its members hberal facilities 
in the way of reading-rooms, newspaper-files, a chess-room, a conversation-room, ladies' 
parlor, etc. It is largely supplied with works of fiction, although by no means deficient in 
literature of the standard sort. It is emphatically a people's library, and caters to the popular 
taste. Its membership is large and growing, and its financial condition is good. 



Ip^ROM libraries to book-making the transition is natural and easy. On Market Street, west 

llr® of Seventh, and extending back to Filb-^n-t Street, is the mammoth publishing-house of 

the J. B. Lippincott Company, which traces a direct line of descent back to Benjamin 

Johnson, who, more than a hundred years ago, had a book-store on Market Street. The 




.1. B. LIlM'l.NCiiTl' COJIfANYS STOltK. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



49 





I^ivsent establishment is, however, more immediately the re- 
sult of the industry, integrity, and foresight of the late Joshua 
B. Lippincott, who, coming to Philadelphia as a boy in 1828, 
rose rapidly in his chosen pursuit until, 
in 1836, he was enabled to found the 
publishing firm of J. B. Lippincott & 
Co., which established itself at the 
corner of Fourth and Race Streets. Its 
rapidly-increasing business made neces- 
sary a removal to a larger building, situ- 
ated at Fourth and Commerce Streets, 
and the construction of an edifice for 
its manufacturing operations on Fifth 
Street, north of Cherry. These 
again becoming too restricted for 
^ the operations of the firm, the site 
of its present commodious 
structure was purchased in 
i^.^'f- I860, and the buildings front- 
ingon Market Street 
were erected in 1862. 
The establishment 
was still further en- 
larged in 1871, by the 
erection on the Fil- 
bert Street front of 
an additional struc- 
ture to accommodate 
the manufacturing 
department, so that 
now all the immense operations of the house are conducted under one roof. Counting the 
sub-basement, which con- 
tains the heating, light- 
ing, and motive-power 
apparatus, seven floors 
must be traversed to take 
in all the operations 
which combine to make 
up this verital)le hive of 
i n d ustry , operations 
which include every de- 
tail of book-making. Be- 
sides what relates to 
book-making and sell- 
ing, there is also a very 
extensive department de- 
voted to the sale of sta- 
tionery and cognate lines 
of goods, including all 
the varied paraphernalia 
for the equipment of 
s c h o o 1-c h i 1 (1 r e n, not 
omitting bats, balls, toys, 
and simple games to 
b r ig h t e n their leisure 
hours. This stock in- 
cludes, too, a large 



B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. S STORE, FOURTH AND RACE STREETS. 




B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY S BINDERY AND 11 1N1IN( 
D 



50 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



variety of useful and tasteful articles, luxurious accessories to book-using and elegant adorn- 
ments to l)<)()k-r()()ins. 






-^ 







WStMlPK*? H HiBlii 







OAK HAI.L— WANAMAKEB & BROWN, feI\TH 
AND MARKET STREETS. 



"Oak Hull," at the corner of Sixth 
and Market Streets, is the elegant and coniniodious ready-made clothing establishment of 
Waiiamaker & J^rown. It is the largest concern of its kind in the United States, and has 
long been a prominent feature of the great business thoroughfare on which it stands. Estab- 
lished in 1861, it has steadily grown from the dingy three-story corner building, first occupied 
by tlie firm, "filled with pluck, patience, pel-severance, and a small stock of ready-made 
clothing," to its present dimensions, covering a space sixty-six by one hundred and eigiity- 
nine feet, .six stories in height, and counting its employes by the hundreds, and its goods by 
the hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth. Here are found within its mannnoth propor- 
tions everything in the clothing and gentlemen's furni.shing way that can be desired by the 
most fastidious. The concern was virtually founded by the well-known Mr. John Wanamaker, 
whose vigilant oversight it enjoyed for nearly a quarter of a century, when, yielding to the 
demands of his inunense establishment at Tiiirteenth and Market Streets and other extensive 
interests, he placed a namesake at the head of the house as its responsible executive, issued a 
hearty address, ingeniously combining gratulations for the i)ast with i)romises for the future, 
and started the business on a new era of prosperity which bids fair to be long continued. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



51 




At Sixth and 
Jay lie Streets 
stands the sub- 
stantial structure 
of A. G. Elliot 
& Co., who are 
tlie leading- job- 
bing paper-liouse 
of the city, and 
wliose estabhsh- 
ment is one of 
the largest in the 
United States, 
devoted exclu- 
sively to t li e 
paper trade. Its 
large capital and 
h igh business 
standing have 
for years made it 
one of the most 
notable business 
houses of Phila- 
delphia. 

The business 
was established 
in 1832 by the 
late Charles Ma- 
garge, who, in 
1854, erected this 
tine structure, 
and ever since it 
has been recog- 
nized as the cen- 
tre of the paper trade. So broad was the 
basis of the beginning that to-day all the 
leading mills of the country are represented 
in the sales of the house, and there is scarcely 
a city of the United States where some one 
of the fraternity of the "art preservative" 
has not at times been obliged to have his 
wants supplied at this establishment. As a 
landmark in the printing and publishing business it is as well known as Independence and 
Faneuil Halls. 

Few outside of the trade are aware that over eight million dollars' worth of paper goods 
are manufactured and controlled by Philadelphia merchants, or that over seven million 
dollars' worth of other paper-makers' productions are distributed, making over fifteen million 
dollars of trade to pass annually through the channels of the paper industry. Large as these 
amounts are, the aim of this house is to be onward and upward, and to its other lines add the 
manufacture of vegetable parchment paper, a valuable substitute for wax paper, tin foil, oiled 
silk, etc., so that it is in demand in every section of the country. Liberality, courtesy, and 
honorable dealing are the watchwords of this establishment, and patrons can always rely on 
prompt and careful execution of their orders, whether given in person or sent by letter. 

In this connection it is interesting to note that within the present limits of Philadelphia 
was built the first paper-mill in America. This was the Rittenhouse Mill, erected, about 1690, 
on an affluent of the Wissahickou which, from this circumstance, has ever since been known 
as "Paper-Mill Run." 



A. G. ELLIOT & CO., SIXTH AND JAYNE STREETS. 



52 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



Strawbridge & Clothier, whose elegant building, on the northwest corner of Eighth and 
Market Streets, is one of the most attractive business structures in the city, have from small 
beginnings grown into the most extensive dry-goods house in Philadelphia. Year by year 
they have added to their establishment till it has become the immense structure which they 
now occupy, and which is the largest in the world devoted exclusively to dry goods. It has 



si ..===n)i 














STRAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIKR, EIGHTH AND MARKET STREETS. 



on Market 
Street a front- 
age of one hun- 
dred and flfty- 
fi\e feet, and on Filbert Street a 
total frontage, including annex, 
of two hundred and thirty feet. 
There are five stories. On the first 
floor, in the main building, is dis- 
played the immense retail stock, 
embracing every variety of dry 
goods, foreign and domestic. Here, too, are situated the retail counting-room, superintend- 
ent's oltice, bureau of information, and a room for the display of evening toilets, so arranged 
as to give, at will, the effect of either daylight or gaslight. The second floor is devoted to 
millinery, ladies' wear, boys' clothing, carpets, and upholstery. On the third floor is located 
the wholesale department, which was established seven years ago, and does a large business, 
notably in silk and dress goods. This department keeps thirty or forty men constantly "on 
the road," and is so rapidly increasing as to seriously threaten tlie overrunning of even its 
present capacif)us accommodations. On the fourth floor is located the mail order department. 
The upper floors are used for general storage purposes. The annex contains the receiving and 
shipping departments, and space in rear of the main building affords ample room for such 
work as can be done in the open air. The interior administration of tliis vast estal^lishment 
is a most interesting and instructive study, which our limits entirely preclude our entering 
upon. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



53 



The trustees of the Girard Estate have recently erected on Market Street, between Eleventh 
and Twelfth, the largest and finest business structure in Philadelphia. It is occupied by the 
colossal establishment of Hood, Bonbright & Co., the leading importers and jobbers of dry 
goods in the city. TJiis house is the successor of the Arm of Sanuiel Hood & Co., which, 




HOOD, BONBKIGHT & CO.'S BUILDING, ELEVENTH AND MARKET STREETS. 

many years ago, had its place of business at No. 435 Market Street. In 1849 Samuel Hood 
retired, and was succeeded by his son, Thomas G. Hood. James Bonbright, who had been a 
member of the old firm, remained in the concern, which then took, and has ever since re- 
tained, the name and style of Hood, Bonbright & Co. After several removals made necessary 
by the growth of its business, the firm, in 1872, took possession of the fine warehouse on 
Market Street, adjoining and now part of Strawbridge & Clothier's extensive establishment. 
In 1882 Thomas G. Hood retired, leaving Mr. Bonbright the actual head of the house. 



54 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




FIKST NATIONAL BANK. 

Chestnut Street, wliieh, in its upper portions, is Pluhulelplnu's fashionable promenade is 
uJ^ ^7" 1;-^ --^lyf voted toconunission- and Jobbing-houses, ar,d to tinlneial ^^C 
!sZ*li ,f;;"" ^^^1^^^^^^'-^' Avenue to Third Street it is ahnost wholly taken up with eonnnereial 
It T IM St;^:;tT ""^ '""""' ""^^' ^^^"' "^^y ^^«^'^«' ^^-^---' -d tobacco tra 1 s 

td ^ nor . ^H rS"" ; '''1-"" "' ""^'"''' ^"^^ '^^ "^^^^'^^^^ fl-^-^ ^^"^ks, insurance, brokers', 
andcoipoi ition offices extending up and down Third, up Chestnut to Sixth alon-- Fourth 

ot architcctuKil ait. Worthy of special mention is the First National iiank which as its 

the proud distniction of being the first chartered under the national bank n- act It is a 
government depository, ami was incorporated January 10, 1803, beginning b^inl o,. n,t 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



55 



11th of July the same year. Its first location was at the southeast corner of Third and Chest- 
nut Streets, and there it commenced business witli a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars, under tlie presidency of O. W. Davis, and with Morton McMicliael, Jr., as casliier, a 
position wliicli he lias ever since retained. Its first board of directors comprised the follow- 
ing well-known names: O. W. Davis, C. H. Clark, S. A. Caldwell, Jay Cooke, W. G. More- 
liead, Joseph F. Tobias, James A. Wright, W. S. Russell, George F. Tyler, E. W. Clark, 
Robert F. Cabeen, and John W. Everman. Several of these gentlemen are still in the direc- 
tion. Mr. George Philler is now president. Its present capital is one million dollars. As 
showing the large development of the national banking' system which has taken place in 
Philadelphia since this pioneer of the system was established, it may be worth while to 
note that there are now in operation in the city forty-one national banks. 
Adjoining the First National 



is the National Bank of the Re- 
public, which was organized 
December 5, 1865, and began 
business on the 22d of May, 1866. 
It presents to the street a strik- 
ing fagade of English redstone 
and Philadelphia red pressed- 
brick. The building covers a 
lot of thirty feet front and one 
hundred and eighty feet in 
depth. The main banking-room 
is twenty-nine feet wide, one 
hundred and twenty feet long, 
and thirty-four ifeet high, and is 
lighted from sky- and ceiling- 
lights throughout its length. 
The interior finish is of cherry ; 
tlie counters and desks are of 
mahogany and bevelled plate 
glass ; the walls, where not of 
tile and richly-carved Caen stone, 
are painted in warna colors, a 
rich dark red predominating, the 
eflfect of which is novel and 
pleasing, and the main floor 
throughout is covered with red 
and small black tiles laid upon 
brick arches. The main I'oom is 
divided by the mahogany parti- 
tions into apartments for officers, 
tellers, and clerks, back of which 
is the directors' room. The 
vaults are of massive granite- 
work with steel lining, within 
which are steel safes. The bank 
occupies the entire building, 
giving ample room in all the 
apartments and abundant space 
outside of counters. The build- 
ing is heated by steam and from 
open fireplaces, and is admirably 
ventilated. The policy of the 
bank has always dictated the 
selection of active business men 
for its directors. 







NATIONAL BANK OF TUE KEPUBLIC. 



56 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



A little higher 
up, at Nos. 327-331 
Chestnut Street, 
we find the hand- 
some structure of 
the Fidelity In- 
surance, Trust, 
and Safe Deposit 
Company. It re- 
ceives deposits of 
money at interest, 
deposits of securi- 
ties and other val- 
uables, rents burg- 
lar-proof safes, 
furnishes letters 
of credit, collects 
incomes, man- 
ages estates, and 
acts as executor, 
administrator, 
guardian, a s- 
signee, receiver, 




FIDEI-ITY INSURANCE, TRUST, AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY. 



and trustee under appoint- 
ments I)y courts, corporations, 
or individuals. It was incor- 
porated March 22, 1866, and 
began business on the 1st of 
the following Sei^tember. It 
was the pioneer institution of 
its kind in the United States. 

Transferring now, for a 
little, our point of view to- 
Walnut Street, we find at Nos. 
308-310 the substantial building 
of the American Fire Insur- 
ance Company, which was the 
first joint-stock fire insurance 
company in the United States. 
It Avas organized on the 28th 
of February, 1810, and was the 
first to establish an agency 
business, which it did the first 
year of its organization. It 
started with a capital of five 
hundred thousand dollars, 
wliich, in 1847, was reduced to 
two hundred and seventy-seven 
thousand five hundred dollars, 
owing to heavy losst>s which it 
had sustained, its surplus being 
then but two thousand five 
hundred and thirty-eight dol- 
lars. It incurred large losses; 
in several great fires, all of 
which it i)r<)iui»tly met. 




AMERICAN FIKK INSURANCE COMPANY 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



57 




A near neighbor of the 
American is the Phihidel- 
pliia agency of the Liver- 
pool and London and Globe 
Fire Insurance Company, 
whose building, at Nos. 
331-337 Walnut Street, pre- 
sents to tiie eye a facade 
simple, chaste, and elegant 
in design. The company 
represented by this agency 
is one of England's most 
flourishing corporations. 
It was established in 1836, 
introduced its agencies into 
the United States in 1848, 
and began business in Phil- 
adelphia in 1851. It is the 
largest fire insurance com- 
l^any in the world. Its 
Philadelphia brancli has 
steadily prospered. The 
various agencies of the 
company in this country 
constitute together what is 
known as its United States 
branch, which, commen- 
cing in 1848 with a show- 
ing of net fire premiums 
amounting to four thousand 
five hundred and nineteen 
dollars, rolled up in 1886 
the magnificent total of 
three million six hundred 
and eighty-six thousand 
five hundred and fifty-three 
dollars and fifty cents. The 
total assets of the company 
aggregate thirty-eight mil- 
lion dollars, and those of 
its United States branch 
six million six hundred and 
thirty-nine tliousand seven 
hundred and eighty dollars, 
.with a surplus of three mil- 
lion seventy-nine thousand five hundred and thirty-eight dollars. The company has paid in 
satisfaction of losses since its organization over one hundred million dollars, and in the 
United States more than thirty-nine million dollars. These figures amply explain and justify 
the hold the company has secured upon the confidence of the public. 

Nearly opposite the office of this company one catches through a closed gate a glimpse 
of the venerable St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, which fronts on Willing's Alley, a 
noted small thoroughfare running from Third to Fourth Streets, below Walnut Street. On 
this site was built, about 1730, the first Catholic church erected in Pennsylvania. Of small 
dimensions, covering, even when enlarged a few years after its erection, only forty by forty 
feet, it served the purpose of the parishioners for nearly one hundred years ; was further 
enlarged in 1821 and rebuilt to its present dimensions, forty by one hundred feet, and 
consecrated in 1839. 



LIVERPOOL AND LONDON AND GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY. 



58 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



At the southwest corner of Seventh and Wahiut Streets stands the massive building of 
the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society. This is not a bank in tlie ordinary sense of the term, 
and has no stockholders. Its business is to safely and profitably invest the money of its 
depositors. It was organized in 1816, and was the first institution of its kind in the city. 

On or about the 20tli of November, 1816, Mr. Condy Raguet, having noticed in the 
recently received English journals an account of the establishment of savings banks in that 
country, and meeting on the same day, when on his way to his office, with Mr. Richard 
Peters, Jr., at the southeast corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets, introduced the subject to 




PHILADELPHIA SAVING FUND SOCIETY, SOUTHWEST CORNER OF SEVENTH AND WALNUT STREETS. 



him of the expediency of establishing a similar institution in Philadelphia. They subse- 
quently, on the same day, met Mr. Clement C. Biddle and Mr. Thomas Hale, and these 
gentlemen, at the office of Mr. Biddle, discussed and agreed upon the propriety of estab- 
lishing a savings bank in this city. It was decided to call a meeting of a few prominent 
citizens on the following Monday to consider and at once to act upon the suggestion of Mr. 
Raguet. Accordingly, on Monday, Novemlier 25, five of the twelve gentlemen, who had now 
agreed to unite for the purpose of establishing a society after the plan of the savings banks of 
Great Britain, — namely, Condy Raguet, Thomas Hale, John Strawbridge, John C. Stocker, 
and John McCrea, — met at the office of tlie Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company in South 
Second Street, of which company Mr. Raguet was the president, when it was determined by 
these gentlemen to establish a society under the direction of twelve managers, afterwards 
increased to twenty-five, for the purpose of receiving and investing small deposits. At this 
meeting Mr. Raguet submitted the plan of such an association, with some Knglish and 
American publications explanatory of the objects and principles of savings banks. This 
plan, after some discussion, was ainencU'd, and at an adjourned niceting adopted and consti- 
tuted the "Articles of Association" under which "The Philadelphia Saving Fund Society" 
was organized. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



59 



Glancing to the east side of Fourth Street, a httle below 
Chestnut, we see the handsome front of tlie William Forrest 
estate building, one of the most notable buildings in this 
section of the city, both for size and for admir.ible adaptation 
to the purposes it serves. Though spoken of in the sinirular 
number, it comprises, in fact, three separate structures of dif- 
ferent styles of architecture and dates of construction. 
Of these the southernmost is the more imposing and 
attractive. It rises to a height of six stories, the second, 
third, and fourth of which present to the street a central 
projection that adds much to the generally excellent 
effect of the fagade. The Forrest building aflbrds ac- 
commodations to two banks, 
— the Central National, 
which has occupied its north- 
ern end for several years, and 
the Fourth 
Street Na- 
t i o n a 1 , 
w h i c h is 
temporar- 
ily qua r- 
tered in its 
southern 
end, while 
awaiting 
the CO m- 
pletion of 
t h e n e w 
and splen- 
did struc- 
ture at the 
corner of 
Fourth 
Street and 
Harmony 
Con r t , 

which is to form its permanent home. Besides 
these financial institutions, the Forrest build- 
ing affords office facilities to a large number and variety of professional and business men. 
Active brokers here ply their busy trade of buying and selling stocks, and one may hear at 
frequent intervals the click of the ticker as it records the fluctuations of the market and 
rolls off its endless ribbon big with the fate of fortunes. Here, too, the shrewd insurance man 
underwrites his risks, calmly confident the while that, risks though they be for the company 
he represents, his share in the transaction is beyond all peradventure. Here abound also the 
gentlemen of the law, who are naturally gregarious, and who find their account in being 
located in the midst of a region where centre the great financial transactions of the city 
and State, and where congregate the big railroad and coal companies and corporations of 
every size and sort. 

Besides these, representatives of various other callings find in the Forrest building con- 
venient offices and a desirable location for their respective pursuits. Few business buildings 
in the citj' shelter within their walls so many brain-workers, and fewer still can compare 
with the Forrest building in the variety of avocations which are represented by its tenants. 

A little farther south, on Fourth Street, below Walnut, stand in close proximity to each 
other the large buildings belonging respectively to the Philadelphia and Reading and to the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Companies. These buildings contain the central offices of the com- 
panies, and in them are quartered most of the executive officers of the respective departments. 




WIIililAM FORREST ESTATE BUILDING, 



60 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



fk5^*!^^r7~~ 



::?=^ 




Proceeding up Wal- 
nut Street, we tind at 
No. 928 the establifsh- 
ment of J. C. Finn & 
Sons, devoted to the sale 
of wall-papers and in- 
terior decorations gen- 
erally. A look at the 
decorated room of this 
ostablishnient will suf- 
fice to convince the ob- 
server that this firm are 
competent guides in 
matters sesthetic. Floor, 
ceiling, walls, furniture, 
and ornaments all give 
token of retined taste 
and evidence of a liigh 
deairee of artistic skill. 



UKCUiCATi:.!^ ItUOJI AT J 



Another well-known 
establishment in the dec- 
orating line is that of 
Clothier & Clark (late 
Jones), at 1022 Walnut 
Street, the exceedingly 
tasteful and elegant front 
of whose building, to- 
gether with the rich 
wares displayed in their 
window, arrests the ap- 
I^reciative attention of 
tlie lover of art. Here 
may be found every va- 
riety of goods for interior 
decoration, including fur- 
n i t u r e, tapestries, etc. 
Frescoing and every sort 
of wall ornamentation is 
done by this firm, who 
furnish all the }naterials 
and do the work. After 
the walls of a house are 
plastered, their facilities 
enable them to com- 
pletely finish its interior 
down to the minutest de- 
tail of furnishing and 
decoration. They carry 
a large stock of imi)orted 
art-work, including por- 
celain and tapestries. 




UKCOKATlVIi KSTABLISIIMENT OF CLOTUliili .t CLAKK. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



61 




R. D. WOOD BUILDING, FOURTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS. 

Resuming now our survey of Chestnut Street, at the southwest corner of Fourth Street 
the- R D. Wood buil.Iing invites the attention, being one of the most elegant business echfices 
in the city. Inchuling the basement it has seven stories. Its style of architecture, while 
hardly susceptible of classincation under any of the recognized orders, is finely illustrative 
of a class of structures which the necessities of American business operations have evolved 
and which in elegance, convenience, ventilation, lighting, and heating reach a degree ot 
perfection utterly unknown to English and Continental buildings devoted to similar uses. 
The Wood building is filled with offices of various kinds, and its location being central to the 
oreat financial section of the city, these are in constant demand. Two swift-ruuning elevators 
make transit up and down so easy and rapid as to obliterate for most kinds of office business 
the old-time distinction in favor of the lower floors. It is in all respects an edihce of which 
both the owner and the city may be proud. 



62 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



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.(iOlffiiK^I^iafiTSiim 














PUBLIC I-KDGEK BriI,J)ING. 



Two s((iiar('s farther west we come at 8ixth and Chestnut Streets to the coniniaiKhni? 
edifice which constitutes the home of Phihideli)hia's most pros])erous daily newspaper, the 
Public Ledger. The Ledger was started as a penny sheet in 1880 h,v Swain, Abell & Sim- 
mons, the latter of whom dyinj? in 1855, his share was purchased by the surviving partners, 
who, under the lirin-name of Swain & Abell, continued to publish the paper down to 1864, 
when, owing to embarrassments brought about by the high prices of labor and material 
resulting from the war, the establishment was disposed of to Mr. George W. Childs, its present 
l)roprietor. Under the management of Mr. (Uiilds the Ledger has become the exemplar 
in the United States of thorough moral cU-anliness coupled with tlie completest material 
success. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



63 



At 60.5 Chestnut 
Street is the store of 
U. E. McDowell & Co., 
wholesale dealers in to- 
bacco, and projirietors 
of the celebrated Dur- 
ham brand of smoking 
tobacco. They have 
branch houses in New 
York, Chicago, St. 
Louis, New Orleans, 
and Atlanta, with sev- 
eral European agencies. 

At 1220 Chestnut 
Street is the exquis- 
itely-appointed estab- 
lishment of Lewis S. 
Cox, manufacturer and 
dealei m jer^ej *>, jer'^ey 
cloths, and other goods 
for ladies' use. Combin- 
ing under one duection 
the manufacture and 
sale of these fabrics, a 
substantial ben- 
efit is secured to 
the pure ha^ei by 
the elimination 
of the usual mid- 
dleman's i^rofit. 




LEWIS S. cox's STOKE. 



64 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



On the northwest corner of Tenth and Chestnut Streets 
stands the niagniticent granite building of the Mutual Life 
Insurance ComiDany of New York. It is one of the hand- 
somest structures in the city, and is 
a lit representative of the enterprise 
of the gieat and wealthy corporation 
that erected it, and whose offices are 
located within its walls. No expense 
has been spared to render the build- 
ing perfect in every respect, it being 
entirely tire-proof, and admirably ar- 
ranged for Its purposes. The lot on 
\\ hich it stands is fifty-eight feet 
front on Chestnut 
Street by one hun- 
dred and seventy-six 
feet on Tenth Street. 
The building occu- 
pies the entire space, 
with the exception 
of a ten-feet wide 
sidewalk at the 
northern end. It 
has a sub-cellar, a 
basement, three full 
stories, and a Man- 
sard. The depth of 
the sub-cellar l)elow 
the street level is 
thirteen feet ; from 



Assep»(, 





MUTUAL LIKK INSUUANCK BUILDING. 



yA\: 



the sidewalk to the top of the Mansard crest is ninety- 
seven feet ; from the sidewalk to the top of the main 
pavilion is one hundred and four feet, and to the top 
of the flag-staff one hundred and forty feet. The only 
wood-work is the doors. The exterior walls on Cliest- 
nut and Tentli Streets are of Rhode Island light granite, backed by a brick wall, sufrtciently 
thick to sustain the whole structure, even if tlie granite were removed by the action of fire. 
The floors are of white Italian marble tiles, laid upon wrought-iron beams and turned brick 
arches, levelled with concrete and hollow brick tiles. The window- and door-frames are of 
iron, the wainscoting and surbases of marble, and the staircases of marble and iron. The build- 
ing is admirably lighted, and ventilation is secured by introducing fresh air through aper- 
tures under the window-sashes, and immediately over the steam-heating coils openings in 
the walls secure an escape for the foul air through numerous shafts. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



65 




J. P. Doherty & Co., tailors, of No. 
1433 Chestnut Street, occupy a building 
whose ornate, yet chaste front, con- 
structed of Perth Amboy brick and 
Indiana sandstone, is very pleasing to 
the eye. 

This neighborhood is an interesting 
one. In the second story of the build- 
ing adjoining No. 1433 tlie United Ser- 
vice Club has its rooms. This is an 
association of offlcers and ex-officers of 
the army and navy, including volun- 
teers, who served in the war of the Re- 
bellion, and whose eligibility to mem- 
bership with the club depends upon 
their belonging to the Military Order 
of the Loyal Legion. The rooms of the 
United Service are very elegantly fitted 
up with the rich old mahogany furni- 
ture of early colonial days, and contain 
a small but valuable library of military 
hooks, and fine portraits of Grant, Han- 
cock, and other military 
heroes, with spirited etch- 
ings and engravings of 
military subjects. Here of 
an evening may generally 
be found a coterie of 
military and naval men 
jovially recalling the in- 
cidents of their war expe- 
rienee, and ready to 
welcome with hearty hos- 
pitality any old comrade 
who may be temporarily in the city. 

On the opposite side of the street is the fine edifice 
of the Young Men's Christian Association, whose be- 
nevolent work of maintaining a social and religious 
rallying-point for a class peculiarly subject to the 
snares and temptations of a great city has won for it 
tlie respect and good will of all right-minded people. The Association numbers nearly two 
thousand members, possesses a library of over six thousand volumes, and reading-rooms, 
where all the newspapers and magazines of the day are provided for the use of members 
and of strangers introduced by them. 

Diagonally opposite the Association building, on the northwest corner of Chestnut and 
Fifteenth Streets, stands the old Church of the Epiphany, one of the most venerated struc- 
tures belonging to the Protestant Episcopal communion. With it are associated the names 
and memories of the Tyngs, father and son, whose eloquence and Christian fervor used to 
crowd its pews with eager listeners, and of the saintly Newton, whose sermons to and books 
for children have endeared his name to tens of thousands of young and old in every land. 
In recent years the diocesan convention has several times met within its walls, and every 
Monday noon the Brotherhood of the Episcopal Clergy assemble in its lecture-room for religious 
exercises and conference. 

The congregation of the Epiphany is one of the largest in the city of those belonging to 
the Episcopal denomination, and the central location of the church makes it a convenient 
place of worship for strangers at the hotels. It has a large and flourishing Sunday-school, 
and under the lead of its efficient rector. Rev. G. H. Kinsolving, is active in good works, 

E 



p. DOHERTY & CO.'S STORE. 



66 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




COLONNADE HOTEL. 



Oil the soutliwest corner of Fifteeuth and Chestnut Streets stuuds the Colonnade, kei)t 
by the Messrs. Crump, one of the most comfortable and homelike of Philadelphia's hotels, 
and very accessible from the Broad Street Station, which is only a little more than a square 
distant. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



67 



The BaktT building, on Chestnut Street, a few doors west of the Colonnade Hotel, is an 

elegant business structure, the upper story of which is especially fitted up for the studios 

of artists, many of whoua are quartered there. The site on which it stands was formerly 

occupied by a private 

residence, which after- 

w a r d s l)ccauie the 

home of the Reform 

C 1 u b. The present 

building was erected 

in 1880 by A. G. Baker, 

after i)lans of his own, 

John Doyle being the 

builder. • The lot is 

tifty-nine by two hun- 
dred and fourteen feet, 

and the cost of the 

ground and building 

was nearly four hun- 
dred thousand dollars. 

The front is of marble 

to the top of the fourth 

storj', the upper part 

of the facade is of iron, 

set with plate-glass. 

It is an original and 

unique design repre- 
senting a full story, 
but is, in fact, appurte- 
nant to the fourth 
floor, to which the 
plate-glass windows 
admit the northern 
light so much desired 
by artists, with whose 
studios, as we have 
said, this floor is occu- 
pied. Besides serving 
this purpose very 
completely it enhances 
the a r c h i t e c t u r a 1 
beauty of the building 
in no small degree. 
All the wood-work of 
the building is of 
walnut. It is heated 
throughout with 
steam, and is provided 
Avith facilities for both 
gas- and electric-light- 
ing. The ground-floor 

is occupied by mercantile firms ; the second story has a large hall, which is occupied by the 
Orpheus Club, besides having several large rooms devoted to business purposes ; the third 
floor contains offices, and the fourth is exclusively devoted to artists' studios. Many of Phil- 
adelphia's representative artists have their work-rooms here. James B. Sword, Prosper L. 
Senat, George C. Lambdin, J. Henry Brown, C. H. Spooner, E. B. Justice, L. D. Holme, 
F. Di.'B. Richards, Newbold H. Trotter, the celebrated animal painter, George Wright, F. De 
Crano, and several lady artists are quartered in this building. 




BAKER BUILDING. 



68 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




Farther west on Chestnut iStreet, be- 
tween Nineteenth and Twentieth, is the 
Aldine Hotel. Its name, and the goose- 
quill vane that surmounts it, suggest liter- 
ary associations which find their explana- 
tion in the fact that it was an enteipnse 
of the late J. B, Lippincott, the eminent 
jDublisher, whose property it was, 
and from whom it descended to 
his heirs. It is a commodious 
and commanding edifice, and, 
besides its leading position as a 
hotel, is noted as having been 
the residence of Mrs. Dr. 
Rush, in her day a dis- 
tinguished leader of so- 
ciety, who sought, by 
the exercise of a generous 
and refined hospitality, 
to make her house the 
social centre of Philadel- 
phia. Although it has 
received extensive addi- 
tions, much of the house 
remains exactly as it 
was in the days when 
as the " Rush mansion" 
it enjoyed a wide and 
reputable notoriety. At 
the rear it opens upon 
pleasant gardens, and it 
is in all respects an ex- 
ceedingly agreeable and 
comfortable place of so- 
journ. 



V-LIJIN ] II 111 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



69 



Opposite the Aldine may be seen 
the fine residence of Mr. M. E. 
McDowell ; a handsome roomy house 
of brownstone, four stories in height, 
and one or the most elegant and 
attractive Iiomes in this fashionable 
quarter. Its exterior aspect is more 
than equalled by the richness and 
elegance of its interior furnishing 
and decoration. It stands in a neigh- 
borhood containing several interest- 
ing buildings. The house adjoining 
it was the last abiding-place of the 
celebrated Reform Club, and had 
previously been the home of Captain 
Loper, by whom it was sold to J. 
Frailey Smith, and from him was 
purchased by the club. The Reform 
Club added a wing to the original 
structure, which was used for billiard- 
rooms and other purposes till the 
club ceased to 
exist. In the 
next block, west 
of the McDowell 
residence, is the 
house which was 
purchased for 
and presented to 
General Grant, 
but which he 
never occupied. 
It remained in 
h i s ownership 
u n t i 1 financial 
difficulties re- 
sulting from his 
connection with 
the Grant & 
Ward failure 
compelled h i m 
to relinquish it, 
together with all 
his other prop- 
erty, real and 
personal. This 
house was com- 
pletely furnished 




RESIDENCE ON WEST CHESTNUT STREET. 



throughout by the donors, prominent among whom were Messrs, George W. Childs and A. J. 
Drexel, with the expectation that it would become the permanent home of the distinguished 
chieftain and his family ; but circumstances made it impracticable for him to occupy it, thus 
disappointing the hopes of the generous givers, and depriving Philadelphia of a citizen whom 
she would have delighted to honor. It is not improbable, moreover, that could General Grant 
have settled here he would have escaped some of the unhappy incidents that embittered his 
latter days. 

This part of Chestnut Street as yet has yielded but little to the encroachments of business, 
but the time is not far distant when it will be a thoroughfare of trade from river to river. 



70 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



While in this neighborliood it will repaj^ the visitor to 
cross once more to Walnut Street and take a look at the 
elegant mansion of Mr. James P. Scott, No. 2082, designed 
by Chandler, and one of the architectural gems of Ph 
delphia. From that point 
a short walk brings the 
saunterer to the Chestnut 
Street bridge, which leads 
across the Schuylkill to 
the pleasant purlieus of 
West Philadelphia. This 
section of the city em- 
braces what were for- 
merly the townships of 
Kingsessiug, Blockley, 
Haverford, Hestonville, 
and Belmont, with the 
villages of Mantua, Pow- 
elton, H a m i 1 1 o n V i 1 1 e, 
Haddingt(in, and West 
Philadelphia. Hamilton- 
ville was so called from 
Andrew Hamilton, lieu- 
tenant-governor of the 
province from 1701-1703, 
whose estate of "Wood- 
lands" is now the ceme- 
tery of that name, and 
whose elegant mansion 
may still be seen, well 
preserved, in the cem- 
etery-grounds. Pow- 
elton took its name 
from John Hare 
Powel, a noted Whig 
leader in his day, 




RESIDENCE ON WEST WALNUT STKEET, 



whose fine mansion was situated on the Schuylkill bluffs, just south of the present Pow- 







i 







IJESIDENCE AT TIIIUTY-FOUHTII STKEET AND POWELTON AVENUE. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



?i 




ANDREW HAMILTON'S MANSION, 
WOODLANDS CEMETERY. 



elton Avenue Station of 
the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road. Tlie avenue, which 
also commemorates his 
n a m e, is a fine and 
rapidly-improving thor- 
oughfare, and along with 
a multitude of pretty 
residences of moderate 
cost contains some of 
the handsomest and 
most expensive man- 
sions in the city. Of 
one of these, the resi- 
dence of Mr. George 
Burnham, at Thirty- 
fourth and Powelton Avenue, 
we give an illustration. It was 
designed by Chandler, and is 
one of the most admirable of 
many artistic structures with 
which that accomplished archi- 
tect has adorned the city and 
suburbs. 

One of the finest residence 
portions of the city is North 
Broad Street, and thither we 
will now, for a little while, 
betake ourselves. Of several 
palatial mansions, one of the 




RESIDENCE ON NORTH BROAD STREET. 



72 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



most striking is tliat of Mr. Cliarles J. Harrali, at No. 858. It is a massive structure of wliite 
marble, tliree stories in lieight, surmounted by a flat roof, and liaving the central portion 
of its front recessed sufficiently to give room for a handsome entrance-porch, to which a 
broad flight of marble steps leads up from the street. It stands in grounds of considerable 
area, which are beautifully planted with shrubbery, trees, flowers, and grass, and is well 
worth a visit. 




BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS. 



At Broad and Cal- 
lowhill Streets ai'e the 
Baldwin Locomotive 
Works, now under the proprietor- 
ship of Burnham, Parry, Williams 
& Co. This vast enterprise was 
founded by and takes its name 
from Mathias W. Baldwin, a native of New Jersey, who, in 1817, entered the service of 
Fletcher & Gardiner, jewellers and silversmiths, in this city. In 182-'> he formed a partner- 
ship with David Mason, a machinist, in the manufacture of bookbinders' tools and cylinders 
for calico-printing. The growth of their business making necessary the introduction of steam- 
power, an engine was bought, which, proving unsatisfactory, Mr. Baldwin decided to design 
and construct one which should be specially adapted to the requirements of their shop. 
This first attempt of Mr. Baldwin's as an engine-builder was eminently successful, and, by 
directing his attention to steam engineering, led the way to the later and greater successes 
which he achieved as a builder of locomotives and to the founding of the inmiense industry 
that now so honorably perpetuates his name. The works occupy over nine acres of ground, 
and employ about three thousand men, and have a present capacity equal to ten locomotives 
a week. 



74 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



Farther north on Broad Street, beyond Jefferson, we tind the Disston residences, Nos. 
1505-1515, which are among the most noteworthy of the many elegant structures tliat adorn 
this portion of the city. Tlie splendid Episcopal Church of the Incarnation, whose tapering 
spire is a prominent feature iu our illustration, and several other fine buildings in the imme- 
diate neighborhood, combine— with the noble breadth of the roadway, its numerous shade- 
trees, and the pulsing tide of life that courses between its rows of stately residences — to make 
a scene strongly suggestive of a Parisian boulevard. 

If now our reader be interested in base-ball (and who in these days is not?), by continuing 
out Broad Street to its intersection with Huntingdon he will come upon the new grounds of 
the Philadelphia Base-Ball Club, which for extent, elegance of buildings, and completeness 
of appointments have no superior in the land. This elegant park was inaugurated on the 
30th of April, 1887, by a game between the "Phillies," as the club is called, and the New 
York Club. In point of accessibility the situation is as admirable as in its other features, 
being reached by numerous trains of the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading 
Railroads, and also by the Thirteenth and Fifteenth, Twelfth and Sixteenth, Tenth and 
Eleventh, Fourth and Eighth Streets, and the new Lehigh Avenue Passenger Railways and 
their exchanges. 




/ 



PUBLIC BATH-HOUSE. 



From very early times Philadelphians have 
been profuse in their use of w^ater for the washing 
of pavements, doorsteps, windows and house- 
fronts, and for l:)aths. In 1791, John Coyle fitted 
up a bathing establishment on the banks of the 

Schuylkill, at the end of Race Street, which bore the name of the Wigwam Baths, and 
numbered among its attractions a bowling-green, two shower-baths, and one plunging-bath. 
Private houses, however small, are universally equipped with one or more bath-rooms, the 
hotels are lavishly supplied with them, and public bathing-iilaces are provided for the multi- 
tude. These were first instituted in 1883, and were originally limited to three fioating bath- 
houses, one on the Sclniylkill at South Street, one on the Delaware at Almond Street, and one 
at Hanover Street. This provision, however, proved insufficient to meet the demand, and in 
1884 several batliing-houses with tanks were established inland. These public baths are free 
to all citizens at proper hours, and contribute greatly to the health and comfort of those for 
whom they are intended. Statistics sliow that they are well patronized, the number of men, 
women, boys, and girls annually resorting to them aggregating over two hundred thousand. 
They are open only in the summer, and their opening-day causes among the unwashed ^ynall 
fry of the city a delirium of joyous excitement. 




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I : ; I. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




The film of Pow- 
eis & Weisch t man, 
man iifactm ing chem- 
ists, ha\e two labora- 
tories, one at the Falls 
of Schuylkill and the 
other at Ninth and 
Parrish Streets, the latter of 
which is the subject of our il- 
lustration. They have also a 
store and oflfice at 56 Maiden 
Lane, New York. They are aiHont>: the largest manu- 
facturers of bark and opium products in the world, 
and their sulphate of quinine and sulphate of mor- 
phine are unsur^sassed for purity and beauty. At the 
Falls of Schuylkill they manufacture sulphuric, nitric, 
muriatic, tartaric, and citric acids, alum, epsom salt, blue vitriol, etc. The products of the 
city laboratory embrace a full line of fine chemicals for use in medicine and the arts, and 
include the various salts of quinine, morphine, strychnine, etc. ; iodide of potassium, bromide 
of potassium, subnitrate of bismuth, iodoform, oil of cloves, calomel, corrosive sublimate, 
rochelle salt, nitrate of silver, etc., etc. 

The establisliment of Powers & Weightman is the largest of its kind in the United States, 
and probably there is none more extensive in Euroi)e. The firm enjoys to-day, as it has 
from tlie foundation of the house, an enviable reputation for the strictest integrity, and 
chemicals bearing the trade-mark of P. & W. are regarded as standard. 



PUWKKS <S[ WEIGHTMAN'S I.ABORATORY 
NINTH AND PAKKISH STREETS. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



77 



Among the numerous 
hotels of various degrees of 
excellence with which Phil- 
adelphia is provided, there is 
one which is emphatically 
unique. This is the "Hotel 
Felis" (anglice, cat hotel), of 
which we give an illustration. 
This establishment is not like 
other hostelries, a private en- 
terjarise kept for gain, but 
serves a most beneficent end 
in caring for the feline pets 
of the metropolis during the 
absence from the city of their 
owners and protectors. Thus, 
when the summer hegira sets 
in and the wants and welfare 
of all other members of the 
family are provided for, the 
(question of what to do with 
Tabby finds, in the existence 
of this establishment, a ready 
and satisfactory solution. In- 
stead of being left to the un- 
tender mercies of the hired- 
girl, or, in the case of the 
entire abandonment of the 
home, being relegated to a 
nomadic state of existence 
and the contaminating influences incident to such a 
state, the family cat is sent to the Hotel Felis, where 
she (or he, as the fact may be) is well fed, tenderly 
cared for, enjoys association with her kind, and all 
the advantages and comforts of a well-regulated 
home. This establishment is under the direction of 
that most deserving charity known as "The Penn- 
sylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
Animals," and is situated at No. 1242 Lombard 
Street. Its immediate care is confided to the 
"Women's Branch" of the association, which also has charge of the city pound and shelter 
for dogs on the Lamb Tavern Road. Besides caring in life for the dumb objects of its benevo- 
lence, it also provides means for the painless extinction of their lives when for any reason 
that becomes necessary or desirable. This is effected by asphyxiation with carbonic oxide 
gas, which speedily and effectually accomplishes its purpose without suffering on the part of 
the subject. 

The humane efforts of these fair ministers of mercy are not confined to the feline and 
canine species, nor are they restricted wholly to the city of Philadelphia. Horses and mules 
are frequently the objects of the beneficent oversight of the association, and a vast amount 
of good has been accomplished by its intervention to prevent the abuse of this class of our 
domestic animals. Its agents have penetrated to the interior of the State and, by awakening 
there an interest in the subject and telling of the means and methods employed here, have 
inaugurated in many of the larger towns material reforms in the matter of dealing with the 
dumb creatures that contribute to man's pleasure and profit. 

Leaving now our domestic and familiar animals to the protection of their fair guardians, 
let us journey across the Schuylkill and inspect the "Zoo," with its varied collection of 
creatures of the wilder sorts. 






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IIOTKL IKI.I.'- 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



79 




THE MONKEY HOUSE, ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN. 



§F the several bridges that span the Schuylkill the niost pleasing to the eye, both for situa- 
tion and style of construction, is the Girard Avenue Bridge, It is an elegant structure 
of iron, erected by Clarke, Reeves & Co., of the Phoenix Iron Works, and was opened for 
travel on the 4th of 
July, 1874. It is one 
thousand feet long 
by one hundred 
wide, and fifty-two 
feet above mean 
water-mark. It con- 
sists of five spans, 
constructed of Pratt 
trusses. The road- 
way is of granite 
block, and is sixty- 
seven and one-half 
feet wide, with side- 
walks each sixteen 
and one-half feet 
wide, which are 
paved with slate, 
with encaustic tile 
borders. The balus- 
trade and cornice are 
ornamented with 
bronze panels, repre- the bear pits, zoological garden. 




80 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



seuting birds and foliage. At its western end, to the left, lies the Zoological Oarden, oc- 
cupying a tract formerly the country-seat of John Penn, grandson of the founder, and 
known as "Solitude." The house built by Penn still stands in the grounds. The tract 
contains thirty-three acres, and is, in fact, part of Fairmount Park, the commissioners of 
wliicli lease it to the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, who have established here the most 
successful collection of animals existing in America. The buildings are tasteful, picturesque, 
and suitable to their purposes, and are set in grounds beautifully planted and kept. It is a 
most interesting and in- 
structive place to visit, and 
is a favorite resort of chil- 
dren, citizens, and sojourn- 
ers in the city. No expense 
has been spared in procur- 
ing animals or fitting np 
the garden in the manner 
best adapted to their main- 
tenance and exhibition. 
The society has agents in 
every part of the world con- 
stantly on the alert for rare 
and interesting specimens 
of natural history. Our il- 
lustrations show a few of 
the interesting places that 
the visitor to the garden 
will want to see, but besides 




AL.L.1GATOK PUUl., ZOUJ.UUJCAJ^ (iAUUK.V. 



these there are numerous 
others which will prove most 
interesting. The collection 
includes a large representation 
of American fauna. The 
shaggy-coated buffalo, the 
lordly elk and timid deer, 
wolves, raccoons, foxes, prai- 
rie-dogs, rattlesnakes, bears, 
water-fowl, sea-lions, and spe- 
cimens of nearly every other 
beast, bird, or reptile that 
belongs to the continent are here found under conditions making it easy and pleasant to 
observe their appearance and habits. Besides these. South America, India, Africa, and the 
islands of the sea contribute their quota to the collection. Elephants, camels, lions and 
tigers, the ugly rhinoceros, sportive monkeys and the anthropoid apes, great serpents, and 
beautifully-plumaged birds swell the list of attractions, which can lu>re be only hinted at. 

Tliis collection is the only one in this country which at all approaches in coiiipletencss 
and fitness of liestowal the great zoological garden in Regent's Parle, liondon, or the Jardhi 
(I'Acclimatation of Paris. Tlie expenses of its maintenance are very large, and the society 
has at times been hard pressed in keeping it up to the high standard which it has attained. 
Recently a considerable sum by way of endowment has been subscribed by liberal citizens, 
and it is to be hoped that the examjjle thus set may be emulated by others. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



81 



We have already, on page 23, alluded to 
Franklin's grave in the burial-ground of 
Christ Church, at Fifth and Arch Streets, as 
one of the interesting relics of the past which 
the visitor to Philadelphia should not fail to 
see, but we omitted at that point to give the 
illustration, which we now insert. The grave 
is in the northwest corner of the grounds, and 
is marked by a plain slab, lying flat, and in- 
scribed "Benjamin and Deborah Franl\:lin." 
The portion of the brick wall opposite the 
grave has been replaced with an open iron 
fence, enabling the grave and its inscrii^tion 
to be I'eadily seen from the sidewalk of Arch 
Street. It is a very humble tomb for so eminent 
a man. A worthier memorial of Franklin is 
the statue in Carrara marble, by Fi'ancisco 
Lazzarini, presented to the Philadelphia Li- 
brary Company by William Bingham in 1792, 
which formerly stood in a niche over the 
entrance to the library building at Fifth and 
Library Streets, and which on the demolition 
of that structure was removed to the new 
building at Locust and Juniper Streets. 




FRANKLIN S GRAVE. 



The features were taken from a bust of Franklin procured from the Pennsylvania Hospital. 
Another marble statue of Franklin, by Battin, stands in the centre of a lot belonging to the 
Franklin Lodge of Odd Fellows, in the cemetery of that order on Islington Lane. But the 
worthiest and most enduring memorials of the great philosopher and patriot are the institu- 
tions which he founded and the example of beneficence which he bequeathed to posterity. 




-ii*S4»'— '««• 







POLICE PATROL. 



Our next illustration, representing the "Police Patrol," seems a rather violent transition 
from Franklin and his memorials, but he would greatlj^ err who unadvisedly deems any 
institution of Philadelphia entirely disassociated from this illustrious man. In point of fact, 
the very flrst public matter to which Franklin addressed himself after his entry into public 
life was police reform. The present force is a well-organized and thoroughly efficient body. 
What is known distinctively as the "Police Patrol" consists of seven wagons, having two 
crews to each wagon, including a sergeant and three men to each crew. They answer all 
calls in their respective districts for drunken men, and in cases of accident or fire. 

F 



'iiilill 




^'HE territory included in FairinountPark was formerly taken up with .uentlemen's estates, 
%J^ which, from a very early date, crowned with their mansions its commanding heights, 
and covered with their pleasure-grounds its wooded slopes and lovely vales. Several 
of the old-time colonial mansions are still i)reserved within the precincts of the Park, and are 
fi-auglit with associations that make them precious souvenirs of by-gone days. 

The beginning of the now immense Park was the comparatively small tract which is 
immediately appurtenant to the Schuylkill water-works. These date from 1822, though the 
city was, as we have elsewhere stated, first supplied with water from the Schuylkill in 1799. 
Enormous engines, worked by water-power, force water from the river to the top of a hill,— 
the original " Fair-Mount,"— where it is held in a distributing reservoir. Frederick GvaiY was 
the designer and first engineer of the water-works, and is conunemorated by a Gothic canopy 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



83 







GREEN STREET ENTRANCE TO FAIRMOUNT PARK. 

monument and bust, wliieh, with several other pieces of statuary, ornaments the grounds 
immediately about tlie water-worlis. 

The enlargement of the Park, whicli gave it the nearly three thousand acres now embraced 
within its bounds, arose from the necessity of protecting the water-supply of the city from 
deterioration by the drainage from the rapidly-multiplying mills and manufactories situated 
on the Schuylkill above the city. The acquisition of the properties necessary to effect this 
purpose was gradually accomplished, until now, for five miles up the Schuylkill and for six 
miles along theWissahickon, the grounds bordering these streams are the property of the city, 
and from being a menace to its health and happiness, have been converted into a most efficient 
means of promoting and preserving both. 




GRAFF MONUMENT. 



84 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




LINCOLN MONUMENT. 



The principal en- 
trance to the Park is 
that froniGreen Street, 
which brings the visi- 
tor into its lower ex- 
tremity, where, on his 
left, he has the reser- 
voir, the buildings 
pertaining to the 
water-works, and the 
steamboat- 1 a n d i u g, 
while on his right, as 
he turns up the main 
d r i V e, h e sees the 
building containing 
the series of Pompeian 
views presented to 
the Park Commission 
by the late John 
Welsh, and which are 
well worth stopping to look at. Next, crossing an open space ornamented by a bronze statue 
of Lincoln, erected by the Lincoln Monument Association in the fall of 1871, we come to a 
hill covered with trees, among which go winding paths, and under which green grass and 
flowering shrubs combine their attractions, while around its base flowers bloom and fountains 
play, and the curving drive leads a glittering host of carriages. This is Lemon Hill, and on its 
summit is the mansion in which Robert Morris had his home during the Revolutionary strug- 
gle. Hei'e the great financier loved to dwell. Here he entertained many men whose names 
were made illustrious by those stirring times. Hancock, Franklin, the elder Adams, mem- 
bers of the Continental Congress, officers of the army and navy, and many of the foremost 
citizens met frequently under this hospitable roof. Here, busy in peace as in war, he after- 
wards planned , 
those magnificent 
enterprises which 
were his financial 
ruin ; and from 
here he was led 
away to prison, the 
victim of laws 
equally barbarous 
and absurd, which, 
because a man 
could not pay wliat 
he owed, locked 
him up lest he 
might earn the 
means to discharg<' 
his debt. 

The for tune> 
of the once mag- 
nificent mansioi i 
have fallen, like 
those of its owner. 
It is now a restau- 
rant, where the 
simpler forms of re- 
freshments may be 
procured. 




LANSDOWNE DRIVE, 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



85 




SWEET BRIER FROM EGGLESFIELD. 



Following the car- 
riage-drive, we come to 

"Grant's Cottage," a 

small frame building, 

used by General Grant 

as his head-quarters at 

City Point, and brought 

here at the close of the 

war. 

Just beyond is the 

Girard Avenue Bridge, 

under which passes the 

interesting r iver-d rive 

of the East Park. Here 

the Connecting Railroad 

Bridge, as it is popularly 

termed, unites the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad with 

its New York Division. 

Through the rocky bluff 

which forms the eastern 

abutment of the bridge 

a short tunnel has been cut for a carriage-road. This route was opened in the summer of 

1871, and developed some of the loveliest scenery in all the Park. A number of fine old 

country-seats were absorbed in this portion of the grounds, and they remain very nearly as 

their former owners left them. 

Crossing the Girard Avenue Bridge, we pass beneath the Connecting Railroad and enter 

upon the Lansdowne drive in the West Park. The fine estate of Lansdowne contained two 

hundred acres, and was established by John Penn, "the American," whose nephew, also 

named John, the son of Richard Penn, built a stately mansion here, and lived in it during 

the Revolutionary war, a struggle in 
which his sympathies were by no 
means with the party that was finally 
successful in wresting from him the 
noble State which was his paternal 
inheritance, and of which he had been 
governor. 

Just after entering the Lansdowne 
drive we pass, on our left, the Penn 
(or Letitia) House, of which we have 
already spoken in the opening pages 
of this book. 

Sweet Brier mansion is the next 
passed, from which point there is a 
lovely view of the river above, and 
then, crossing the ravine by a rustic 
bridge, we are in the section of the 
Park which was the scene of the great 
Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Of 
the Exhibition buildings only two now 
remain. Horticultural Hall and Me- 
morial Hall. The site of the former 
was most happily chosen. It occupies 
a bluff that overlooks the Schuylkill 
one hundred feet below to the eastward, 
and is bounded by the deep channels 
VIEW ABOVE SWEET BRiEK. of a pair of brooks equidistant on the 




86 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



/>,% r^^- y^ 












HOKTICULTURAL HALL. 



north and soutli sides. Up the banks 
of these clamber the sturdy arboreal 
natives, as though to shelter in warm 
embrace their delicate kindred from 
abroad. Broad walks and terraces 
prevent their too close approach and 
the consequent exclusion of sunlight. 
Entering from the side by a neat 
llight of steps in darl^ marble, we find 
ourselves in a gayly-tiled vestibule 
thirty feet square, between forcing- 
houses each one hundred by thirty 
feet. Advancing, we enter the great 
conservatory, two hundred and thirty 
by eighty feet, and fifty-five higli, 
much the largest in this country, and 
but a trifle inferior in height to tlie 
palm-houses of Chatsworth and Kew. 
A gallery twenty feet from the floor 
carries us up among the dates and 
cocoanuts. The decorations of this 
The dimensions of the building are three 



hall are in keeping witli the external design. 

hundred and eighty by one hundred and ninety-three feet. 

Outside promenades, four in number, and each one hundred feet long, lead along tlie 
roofs of tlie forcing-houses, and contribute to the portfolio of lovely views that enriches tlie 
Park. Other prospects are offered by the upper floors of the east and west fronts ; the aerial 
terrace embracing in all seventeen thousand square feet. Restaurants, reception-rooms, and 
offices occupy the two ends. The cost of tlie building was two hundred and fifty-one thou- 
sand nine hundred and thirty-seven dollars. 

Leaving Horticultural Hall, we cross the bridge spanning the picturesque Laiisdowne 
"Ravine to Memorial Hall, which, as its name implies, contemplates indefinite durability. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



87 



What Virginia and Massacliusetts granite, in alliance with Pennsylvania iron, on a basis of 
one million five hundred thousand dollars, can effect in that direction, seems to have been done. 
The facade is in ultra-Renaissance, with arch and balustrade and open arcade. The square 
central tower, or what under a circular dome would be the drum, is quite in harmony with 
the main front in proportion and outline, and renders the unity of the building very striking. 
That its object, of supplying the best light for pictures and statuary, is not lost sight of, is 
evidenced by the fact that three-fourths of the interior space is lighted from above, and the 




iL, i'i;N.sJi;iie).sA, i.\ 



residue has an ample supply from lofty windows. The figures of America, Art, Science, etc., 
stud the dome and parapet, while eagles with wings outspread decorate the four corners 
of the corner towers. 

The eight arched windows of the corner towers, twelve and a half by thirty-four feet, are 
utilized for art-display. The iron doors of the front are inlaid with l)ronze panels, bearing the 
insignia of the States. 

From the Exhibition grounds we take our way to George's Hill, up whose rather steep 
ascent we wind until at the summit we have attained an elevation of two hundred and ten 
feet above high tide. 

This tract, containing eighty-three acres, was presented to the city by Jesse and Rebecca 
George, whose ancestors had held it for many generations. As a memorial of their generosity, 
this spot was named George's Hill, and its rare advantages of scenery and location will keep 
their name fresh forever. It is the grand objective-point of pleasure-parties. Few carriages 
make the tour of the Park without taking George's Hill in their way, and stopping for a few 
moments on its summit to rest tlieir horses and let the inmates feast their eyes on the view 
which lies before them, — a view bounded only by League Island and the Delaware. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




MPCMOHIAL HALL. 

The carriage-road next bring.s us to Belmont Mansion. This, like most of the buildings 
in the Park, is of very ancient date, having probably been erected about 1745. It was the 
home of Richard Peters— poet, punster, patriot, and jurist— during the whole of his long life. 
Many of his witty sayings are still extant, as are also a number of his poems ; while his 
eminent services as Secretary of the Board of War during the Revolution, Representative in 
Congress subsequently, and Judge of the United States District Court for nearly half his life, 
will not soon be forgotten. Brilliant as have been the assemblages of distinguished guests at 





Sl-KIGUING IN THE I'AKK. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



89 




BELMONT LANDING. 



the many hospitable country-seats now inchidetl within the bounds of Fairmount Park, the 
associations connected with Behnont Mansion outshine all the rest. Washington was a fre- 
quent visitor ; so was Franklin ; so were Rittenhouse the astronomer, Bartram the eminent 
botanist, Robert Morris, Jefferson, and Lafayette, — of whom a memento still remains in the 
shape of a white-walnut-tree planted by his hand in 1824. Talleyrand and Louis Philippe 
both visited this place ; " Tom Moore's cottage" is just below, on the river-bank ; and many 
other great names might be mentioned in connection with Belmont, if we had room for them. 
Now, alas ! the historic mansion has degenerated into a restaurant. In its dining-rooms and 
on its broad esplanade the rambler in the Park may find refreshments of every sort from 
dainty ices to foaming lager, and here in the bright days of summer may be seen a varied 
assortment of humanity, aptly illustrating the cosmopolitan character of the Park's visitants. 

The view from the piazza of the house is 
one which can scarcely be surpassed in Amer- 
ica. It is one of those grand efTects of nature 
and art combined which man nnist acknowl- 
edge his inability' to represent adequately on 
paper. 

Leaving Belmont, the road passes through 
a comparatively uninteresting section to Cha- 
mouni, with its lake and its concourse, and the 
northern limits of the Park. Near the lake it 
intersects the Falls road, and this takes us 
down to the Schuylkill, which we cross by a 
bridge, which brings us into the East Park at 
Falls Village. Before, however, continuing 
our tour to the junction of the Schuylkill and the Wissahickon, let us return to the East Park 
drive at the point near the Girard Avenue Bridge, where we left it, and rapidly scan such 
features of interest as it shall afford us. 




90 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 







> K 



/ 




NEW KIVKK DRIVE, EAST PARK. 

As originally laid out the East Park drive, shortly after its emergence from the tunnel 
near the Girard Avenue Bridge, turned to the right, somewhat away from the river, and 

involved a crossing at grade of the 
tracks of the Reading Railroad. This 
disagreeable and dangerous feature 
has now been removed by keeping 
the drive along the river's edge, and 
passing underneath the railroad at a 
point farther up, where it is carried 
across a ravine by means of an arched 
■ bridge. 

Near where the Reading road 
crosses the river is Mount Pleasant, 
the former residence of Benedict Ar- 
nold. It was built by Captain John 
JNIcPherson about 1762, and was pur- 
chased by Arnold as a marriage-gift 
for his wife, Peggy Shippen, in the 
spring of 1779. After his treason it 
was confiscated, and passed subse- 
(luently through a varied ownership, 
till it was bought b.y the Park Com- 
mission in ISGS. Baron Steuben once 
leased it wliile it was in possession of 
the State, but it is not apparent that 
he ever occupied it. The Manpiis 
Casa d'Yrujo, minister plenipoten- 
tiary of Spain, wlio married a daugh- 
sciievLKiLi. ui.uFFs, BELOW EDGELEY. tcr of Govcmor Tlionuis McKean, 




Philadelphia and its Environs. 



91 



occupied it in 1802. West of Mount Pleasant we couie to Rockland, which also formerlj^ was 
part of the McPherson estate. The mansion was built about 1810, by George Thomson, a 
merchant, who sold it in 181G to Isaac C. Jones, who, with his ftimily, occupied it till it was 
incorporated with the Park. At a j)oint a little above the mansion, wliere the road turns 
towards Strawberry Hill, is a jutting point or promontory, from which may be had a beautiful 
view of the river and of the heiglits beyond. Sunset from this point on a clear day is a sight 
which will long linger as a delightful picture in the mind 
of one fortunate enough to witness it. 

North from "Mount Pleasant" is " Ormiston " Tiii>> 
property, before the Revolution, belonged to Jo^c pli dallo- 
way, and was forfeited to the State in consequent e ot hi^ 
treason. It is a portion of a larger tract named "Oiion" 
from its original owner, to whom it was confiimed ni 
1671. The naiiie of "Ormiston" is derived from ah estate 
in Scotland. Across a sharp ravine fronj 
Ormiston lies "Edgeley," the original 
"Laurel Hill," which was occupied for 
many years by Samuel Shoemaker. An 
estate fartlier up the river, and known as 
the "Laurels," afterwards had its name 
changed to "Laurel Hill," in consequence 
of which the Slioemaker place was named 




lilt- ^CHL^LKli^L, LOOKING TOWARDS ROCKIiAND. 

"Edireley." About 1828 it became the residence 
of Dr. Philip Syng Physick, one of Pliiladelphia's 
most eminent surgeons in the early part of the 
— centurv. Dr. Physick was born in Philadelphia in 

1708, ^\ .1-, srraduated l>a( helor of Arts at the University of Penn- 
s;)hania in 178"), and ^-tudied medicine in London under the 
celebrated John Hunter. He returned to Philadelphia in 1792, 
and commenced the practice of his profession, meeting at first 
with but indifferent success, but the appearance in 1793 of the yellow fever proved his oppor- 
tunity for displaying the qualities of courage, devotion, and professional skill which he 
possessed in a high degree, and from that lime onward throughout his life he was one of the 
most active and honored of the long list of eminent physicians who have contributed to give 
Philadelphia her distinguished position as a centre of medical and surgical science. He was 
the first occupant of the chair of surgery, as a separate study, in the University. 



92 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 















Strawberry Hill and Mansion were formerly a country-seat known as Sunnnerville, which 
was occupied successively by William Lewis, \ 

a lawyer of eminence, and by Judge Hemphill. ^^/. 

It afterwards became a favorite resort for pic- ^ .^"^^ 

nics, and since its incorporation with the Park j:.-:r--'" 

the house has been used as a restaurant. ,. ..'.''i^Z^"'' 

To the Park river-road Strawberry Hill 
presents a steep and rocky face, vip which, 
opposite the steamboat-landing, has been con- 
structed a foot-path, which, with its arched 
portal, stone steps, and rustic balustrade, is a 
picturesque feature of the drive. Beyond Straw- 
berry Hill the road runs below Laurel Hill 
Cemetery, and, passing under the high arched 
bridge of the Reading's Richmond branch, it 
skirts the river-front of Fulls Village, and brings us to the old- 
fashioned wooden bi'idge which here spans the Schuylkill, and 
forms the upper connecting link between the East and West 
Parks. And thus we are brought again to the point we had 
reached, when, having completed our tour of the West Park, 
we turned back to follow the East Park drive and survey its 
interesting features. The "Falls of Schuylkill," from which 
Falls Village derives its name, are now scarcely perceptible, the 
backing of the water occasioned by the dam of the Fairmount 
Water-Works having pretty much obliterated them. Formerly, 
however, there was at this point a very decided fall, so that the 
name of the locality and the 
village was not without signifi- 
cance. The village is the seat 
of the extensive carpet-works 
of Messrs. J. & J. Dobson, who 



"■^•'t^^. -}k 



" /^. 



f 







THE WALK TO STKAWBKKUY MANSION. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



93 




STONE BRIDGE AT THE FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL. 



employ here some three thousand operatives. Near it is also located one of the two large 
laboratories of Messrs. Powers & Weightman, manufacturing chemists, of whom we have 
previously made mention. 

The wooden bridge which connects the eastern and western Parks is hardly worthy of 
the noble tracts which it unites, and its lack of elegance is made all the more noticeable by the 
proximity of the splendid structure which, a little below, carries across the Schuylkill the 
Richmond branch of tlie Reading Railroad. This is a construction of solid masonry, spanning 
the river and the roadways on either side of the stream with arches, eight in all, which 
replaces a wooden bridge built in 1843, and destroyed by fire a few months after its erection. 
It forms a fitting adjunct to the natural beauties of the site, and it is to be hoped that the 
time is not far distant when the shabby wooden structure connecting the Parks, which now 
contrasts so unfavorably with this noble viaduct, shall give place to one of stone or iron that 
shall harmonize better with the uses it subserves and the surroundings with which it is asso- 
ciated. The railroad bridge is the starting-point of the national regatta course, which ends 
at Rockland, one mile and a half below. This was established in 1876, and in the summer of 
that year was inaugurated by a grand regatta, participated in by the leading boat-clubs from 
all parts of the United States, and witnessed by tens of thousands of the visitors to the great 
Centennial Exhibition. 

Fronting the drive, as it traverses Falls Village, are several restaurants, where refresh- 
m.ents may be procured, and at the water-side are boats kept for hire. 



94 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 





tl 




length, twenty-eight feet wide, seventy feet high, 
and has five spans of sixty-five feet each. It is 
built of stone, and is a most substantial and, at 
tlie same time, graceful structure. Its noble arches 
form a fitting portal to the beautiful and ronnintic 
valley wliicii it spans, and wliich is one of tlie most 
remarkable regions ever includ(>d within tlie limits 
of a great city. Kntering it from the lieat and glare 
of a summer's day seems lil^e penetrating ('alyi)so's 
grotto, so dark and cool are its shaded precincts, 
with their mossy rocks, their trickling rills, and 
feathery ferns. In its lower part the Wissahickon 
has a placid, pool-like aspect, caused l)y the clieck- 
ing of its current ijy a dam thrown across near its 
mouth. This gives the stream a widtli and dc])tli 
beyond wluit are natural to it, and makes tliis part 
of its course an admirable boating-ground for the 
picnic-parties and recreation-seeliers who, from early 



SCHTTYI-KII.T^ RIVKR AT RIVERSIDE. 

Beyond Falls Village, a short 
drive brings us to the mouth of the 
Wissahickon. On the farther side of 
tlie stream, and in the angk' formed 
by it with the river, is Riverside, a 
restaurant and place of resort for 
picnic-parties and merry-makers. It 
is much frequented of summer even- 
ings, its willow groves, through 
which gently rustle the cooling Irreezcs from the river, making 
it a pleasant place to loiter in. 

As we turn our faces up the Wissahickon drive the first 
object to attract our attention is the magnificent viaduct which 
carries the tracks of the Norristown l)rancli of the Reading Rail- 
road across the gorge. It is four hundred and ninety-two feet in 

A 




Philadelphia and its Environs. 



95 



morning till late in the even- • 
ing, may, in the summer- 
time, be found disporting 
themselves upon its surface. 

As we proceed, the drive, 
following the windings of 
the stream, leads us beneath 
beetling crags and overhang- 
ing trees, the narrow valley- 
bottom occasionally broad- 
ening into a glade, and 
affording room for a house of 
entertainment, of which sev- 
eral are passed as we ascend 
the stream. Some of these 
are old-time structures, and 
their quaint picturesqueness 
makes them harmonious 
adjuncts to their romantic 
setting. 

The Wissahiekon in its 
upper course is a brawling, 
rapid stream, swirling 
around the boulders that in- 
tersperse its bed with an 
eddying sweep, which 
makes us thin k of trout ; 
but those dainty exqui- 
sites of the finny tribe 
are not among its deni- 
zens. The name is said 
to be the Indian for cat- 
fish, and that plebeian 
member of the fish 
family is about all that 
it yields to reward the 
patient angler. "Cat- 
fish and waflfiles" has 
always been the shibbo- 
leth of rest a u r a n t s 

along the Wissahiekon, though on what principle this gastronomic combination is based must 
be left to philosophers to settle. While never a trout stream, the Wissahiekon was formerly 
much more prolific of fish than it is now. The erection of mills, Avith their dams, and the 
pollution of the water by their waste pretty much annihilated all but the very hardiest 
species. Now, however, the mills having been removed, an effort has been made to stock the 
stream with bass and other fish, and it is not improbable that in the coming years, its waters 
restored to their pristine purity, the Wissahiekon may become as favorite a resort for the 
fisherman as it has always been for the poet, the artist, and the lover of nature. 

As we advance along the beautiful drive on the western bank, our attention is arrested 
by a curious structure crossing the gorge high above our heads, different from anything we 
have heretofore seen. Tliis is known as the Pipe Bridge. It is six hundred and eighty-four 
feet long, and one hundred feet above the creek. The pipes that supply Germantown with 
water form the chords of the bridge, the whole being bound together with wrought iron. It 
was designed by Frederick Graff, and constructed under his superintendence. Near this is 
"Devil's Pool," a basin in Cresheim Creek, which rises in Montgomery County, and, flowing 
westwardly, here unites with the Wissahiekon. Its valley was formerly the site of several 
mills, which have now been I'emoved. 




THE WISSAHICKON CREEK, FROM RIDGE AVENUE. 



96 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




WISSAHICKON DRIVE. 



Valk'.y Green Hotel is next reached, and affords a comfortable resting-place for man and 
beast. It is a <iuaint old wayside-inn, a favorite honse of call with frequenters of the drive, 
and a tempting subject for artists, by whom it has been sketched time and again. 




VALLliY (iKEEN UOTEL. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



97 



KKOM devil's pool 
TO INDIAN ROeK. ' 



Half a mile beyond the Valley Green Hotel 
stands the first public fountain erected in Pliil- 
adelphia. A lion's-head spout carries the 
water of a cold hill-side spring, niclied in a 
granite arch, into a marble basin. Upon a 
slab of marble above the niche are the words 
"Pro bono publico," and beneath the basin is 
the legend " Esto perpetua." It was erected 
in 1854, and was the gift of Mr. John Cook, a 
public-spirited citizen. 

Near Valley Green is a stone bridge across the Wissa- 
liickon, from which a beautifully-shaded and well-kept road 
leads up the steep ascent, debouching upon the plateau 
above near the new Wissahickon Inn. To the left of this 
road, as it winds upward, may be caught a glimpse of the 
recently-erected palatial residence of Mr. H. H. Houston, 
one of the costliest and most magnificent private structures in or about Phila- 
delphia. Through a mile and a half of rugged scenery above Valley Green 
we emerge into the smiling landscape of the White Marsh Valley, and our 
delightful tour of Fairmount and the Wissahickon is at an end. 

The Wissahickon Valley is full of traditional spots and historical associations. "Her- 
mit's Lane," "Hermit's Glen," and " Hermit's Well" are memorials of the German mystic, 
Kelpius. "Lover's Leap," "Washington's Rock," "Indian Rock," and "Devil's Pool," all 
have their stories, and legendary romance sheds its halo everywhere throughout this wild 
and picturesque locality. Kelpius, of whom we have just made mention, was a singular 
cliaracter. He was a native of Siebenbiirgen, and emigrated to Pennsylvania with others of his 
school of thought, the distinguishing characteristic of their creed being devotion for the 
sake of religion to a single and solitary life. He was a learned man, well versed in the ancient 
languages, and a writer in Hebrew, Latin, Greek, and English. After his death the society 
rapidly declined, its members, no longer sustained by his precept and example, gradually 
succumbing to the temptations of domestic life and social intercourse. 

We have now cursorily surveyed the attractions of Fairmount Park, in which Pliiladel- 
pliia possesses a priceless treasm-e unsurpassed for natural beauty by any park in the world. 
Much may yet be done to enhance its attractions by the discreet addition of works of art 





VIKW ON THK WISSAHICKON. 
G 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



ill till' s li a ]) o 
oi s c 11 1 p t II r c s, 
bronzes, foun- 
tains, etc. The 
Fainnount Park 
Art Association 
has ahvady done 
and isdoiufTfrood 
"work in this di- 
rection. One of 
the finest of its 
contributions to 
the art treasures 
of the Park is 
tlie bronze group 
known as "The 
Dying Lioness," 
whicli stands at 
the entrance to 
the Zoological 
Garden. It is 
the Av o r k of a 
Munich artist, 
and is considered 




THE DVIM 



by good judges as by far tlie best piece of open-air statuary which tlie Park contains, 
animal gr()U])s are nioi-e appropriate to the Park than are sculi)tures of the human 
whicli tind a more suitable setting when associated with residences or public buildings, 



Such 
figure, 



fHILADELPHIA abounds in beautiful suburbs, the greatest being Germantown, which, 
though virtually a city in itself, constitutes the principal part of the twenty-second 
ward of Philadeli)hia, and had, in 1880, with outlying villages, thirty-one thousand 
seven hundred and ninety-eight inhabitants. These comprise a great portion of the wealth 

and culture 
' ' which enter 
into the compo- 
sition of Phila- 
delphia's social 
world. Enjoy- 
ing rajjid tran- 
sit bj' means 
of two steam 
roads, besiiles 
having a horsi'- 
ra i 1 w ay t-oii- 
neelion w i t h 
the city, it is a 
lavoiite nsidence for busiiu'ss 
men, as well as for gentlemen 
of leisure. 

It was founded in 1(!8;> 
by Daniel Francis Pastorins, 
: J. r ' f. , '=^- who U'd hitlu'r the vanguard 

of a colony from Crefeld, Germany, and w ho also represented, 
as agent, a company organized in Frankfort on the Uhine, wliidi had bought lands of Penn. 
The Crefeld colony numbered fourteen families, counting in all thirty-four persons, of whom 




OI>l) HDU.SK IN (JKKMANTOWN. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



99 



the youngest was born on the voyage. In religion they were mainly Mennonites, with a few 
Quakers, and by occupation most of them were weavers. Shortlj^ after their arrival an 
allotment of tlieir lands was had, the scene of tlie transaction being the cave occupied by 




OLDEST HOUSE IN GERMANTOWN. 



their leader, Pastorius. They immediately set about providing tliemselves with such shelter 
as was practicable, but during tlieir first winter encountered hardsliips so severe that Pas- 
torius is moved to say " it could not be described, nor would it be believed by coming genera- 
tions, in wliat want and with what Christian contentment and persistent industry tliis 
German townsliip started." 

Germantown, or, as Pastorius preferred to call it, Germanopolis, grew and prospered, 
drawing to itself both German and English accessions, and in 1689 was incorporated as a 
borough. The inhabitants were an industrious. God-fearing people, and, being largely made 




HAINES HOUSE, GERMANTOWN. 



up of weavers, they naturally gave much attention to textile fabrication, in which they soon 
demonstrated a high degree of skill, and impressed a character upon the i^lace for that species 
of manufacture which it has ever since maintained. 

Approaching Germantown by the old Germantown Road, leading out from the city, we 



1(10 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



find just below the southern lim- of tlie ancient borough, at wliat is now AVayiu- Junction, 
the mansion of James Logan, known as "Stenton," and still in a fair state of i)reservati()n. 
Just beyond this point we begin our ascent of the high ground on wliicli Germantown stands. 
This first rise is called "Negley's Hill," and was in early times somewhat famous for the 
robberies perpetrated there. Before the ascent is completed we reach Fisher's Lane, down 
wliich, to the right, at the crossing of Wingahocking Creek, stand the Wakefield Mills, 
oecupyiniT a site on whicli, from tlie very earliest times, one or another sort of mill has stood. 

The name "Wakefield" 
is derived from tiie Eng- 
lish .seat of tiie maternal 
ancestors of Thomas 
Fisher, from wliom the 
lane takes its designa- 
tion. Althougli still 
jpularly called Fish- 
1 's Lane, its legal title 
i- now East Logan 
ireet. The neighbor- 
ood of Wakefield Mills 
is associated with the 
I>ritish occupation of 
IMiiladelphia, as having 
i e e n the camping- 
uround of the First Bat- 
talion of Guards during 
tlie time that Sir Wil- 
liam Howe, the British 
1 ommander, was quar- 
tered at Stenton. 

Germantown is full 
of historical associations 
and interesting merao- 
lials of the past. Its old 
houses are generally low 
structures of one, one 
and a half, or two 
stories, with gabled, 
lii]>ped, or eurl)ed roofs, 
tlieir front doors divided 
.%,/JI liorizontally midway of 
their height, a feature 
which, like many others 
of the old arcliitecture, is now coming in again. They stand for the most part on its main 
street, now called Germantown Avenue, tlie "Germantown Road" of former days. This street 
is to-day one of the most interesting avenues in America. Its tortuous course, its m:iny (juaint 
and ancient buildings, and its stone structures contrast pleasingly with the monotonous archi- 
tecture of a later date. Germantown Academy, one of its most venerable and honored insti- 
tutions, stands on School House Lane, a scpiare and a half west of the main street. It Avas 
founded in 1760, and for some years embraced both an English and a German .school. During 
the yellow fever epidemic of 179.3 it afl[brded shelter to the banks of North America and Penn- 
sylvania. It is still in .successful operation, under the able administration of Prof. Kershaw. 
The Morris residence, at No. 4782 jNIain Street, is a notable house. It was built in 1772-73 
by David Dechler, whose daughter Mary married Ellis Si-rvis, an ancestor of the late chief 
justice of that name. During tlie yellow fever epidemic it was occupied by General Wash- 
ington, and Sir William Howe ha<l i)r(>viou.sly occupied it, and is said to have entertained 
here King William IV., then a midshipman of the royal navy. 

One of the most interesting relics of the past in Germantown is the Haines hou.se. It is 




A\ \KI I 11 



1) niJ J -^i I I 1 ^I \ N 1 W N 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



101 



""'^f'- 







-^ 



SHIP ON OLD HOUSE, GERMANTOWN. 



supposed by many to 

be the oldest house 

in Germautown, and 

was probably built 

by Dirck Jan sen 

prior to 1700. It is 

called "Wyck," and 

is a striking-looking 

building, standing 

with the gable end 

to the street, its front 

of eighty feet facing 

southeastwardly. Of 

immaculate w h i t e, 

with a chimney- 

stack outside, and standino- amone,- fine old trees, it is a most picturesfjue and agreeable object. 

On the west 
side of Main 
Street, near 
Wash ing- 
t o n Lane, 
stands an 
old h o u s e, 
which on its 
southern 
gable pre- 
sents the 
figure of a 
ship worked 
in plaster. 
A 1 1 h o u g h 
r o u g h 1 y 
moulded, it 
is a really 
spirited de- 
lineation 
of a vessel 




JOHNSON HOUSE, GERMANTOWN. 

driven by a strons; \\ lud and to^'sed on a tempestuous sea. 
than a hun- 
dred years old. 
The Johnson 
house, stand- 
ing a little 
south of and 
on the other 
side of the way 
from "Clive- 
den," the cele- 
brated Chew 
residence, is 
another vener- 
able structure 
of much in- 
terest. At the 
intersection of 
the main 
street and xhe mermaid inn. 



The buildni^ i-? know n to be more 




^4 m^^' 



102 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 




RESIDENCE OF TH03IAS MACKELLAR, ESQ., GERMANTOWX. 



Mcniiaid Lane is 
an old-time hos- 
telry known as 
t ii e Me r in a i d 
Inn, which has 
escaped the icon- 
oclastic hand of 
the modern re- 
con structionist, 
and stands in all 
its pristine pic- 
ture s cj u e n e s s 
a <|uaint old me- 
morial of l)ygone 
days. Near the 
inn i.s another 
object almost as 
interestingasthe 
old inn itself. 
This is a log 
house wh i ch, 
though now rap- 
idly falling to 
decay, has stood 
since 1743, when 
it was built bj' 
Christopher 
Seakle, a Ger- 
man cooper, who 
for years lived 
a n d i> 1 i e d his 
trade there. 

A good speci- 






men of the style of architecture which characterizes the better class of the modern German- 
town residences is shown in our ilhistration of Thomas MacKellar's house. Its porticoes and 
balconies give 
it the air of an 
Italian villa. 
The Chester 
houses, on 
Green Street, 
are very pic- 
turesque dwell- 
ings in the 
Queen Anne 
style of archi- 
tecture. They 
were the first 
specimens o f 
this style 
erected in Gei- 
mantown, and 
follow the .style 
of certain 
quaint old 
houses in Clies- 
ter, England. 




"X.y '• .i^-'"''^- 



CUESTKU HOUSES, UUEE.N STHKET, GKKMANTOWN. 




1 



't ^ 






S 4<%\ 



'.f 5 



/ 










5 











104 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



Chestnut Hill 
is the Ultima Thtdc 
of P h il a (1 e 1 p h i a 
northwardly. It is 
a hi^h-lying pla- 
teau, with a sheer 
descent into the 
White Marsh Val- 
ley on the north, 
but on its south- 
ward side sloi)ing 
more gently to- 
wards the city. Its 




■^S^' 




son --, ::*piti&4:r 



elevation, the purity of its air, the beauty 
of the views it commands, and its con- •"-';^i 

venience of access from the central parts of the ' <• 
city combine to make it a very desirable suburb "^ 
for the residences of wealthy citizens. Of many 
beautiful private residences which ornament "the 
Hill," as it is familiarly termed by its inhabitants, 
the recently erected mansion of Mr. Edwin N. Benson 
is one of the most notable. It is built of warm graystone, 
and is beautifully set on an elevation which commands a view 
of the White Marsh Valley for miles. The style of architec- 
ture is an American adaptation of the old English country 
house. It was designed by Tlu'ophilus P. Chandler, Jr. 

Another most attractive house by the same architect is 
that of Mr. T. M. Stewart, which, on a base of almost castle- 
like massiveness, rears a superstructure light and graceful, and quaintly picturesque in its 
wealth of turrets and gables. It stands on a slope commanding a tine outlook, and has room 
to show itself from many points of view, eacli of which unfolds new features of artistic beauty. 




RESIDENCE OF T. M. STEWART, ESQ.. 
CHESTNUT HII^I,. 



/, GO ' 



r 












^ 



lIL 



Jt/flrrt.-,,. 



CKICKET UKOUNUS. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



105 



At Wissahickon station, on the Germantown and Chestnut Hill branch of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad, is the new Wissahickon Inn, a beautifully-situated and elegantly-appointed 
structure in the Queen Anne style of architecture, and near it are the grounds of tlie Phila- 
delphia Cricket Club. This is the oldest of the several clubs devoted to cricket in Philadel- 
phia, the nuuaber and excellence of which have given the city a pre-eminence in the cultiva- 
tion of the game that is universally recognized both at home and abroad. 

The Young America Cricket Club has grounds at Nicetown, which may be reached by 
either the Reading or Pennsylvania branch i-ailroads. The grounds of the Germantown Club 
are situated at Stenton, near Wayne Junction, on the Germantown and Chestnut Hill branch 
of the Reading Railroad. The Merion Cricket Club has grounds, comprising seven and one- 




A RESIDENCE ON OLD YORK ROAD. 



half acres, at Ardmore, eight miles from the city, on the main line of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road. The Belmont Club is a West Philadelphia organization, with extensive grounds at 
Forty-ninth Street station, Pennsylvania Railroad ; and the Quaker City Club, the latest 
addition to the list, has its grounds within the enclosure of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, at Forty-eighth Street and Haverford Avenue. 

Roxborough, lying to the northwest of Germantown, is another of Philadelpliia's suburbs, 
which contains many cosey and elegant residences. Before consolidation the township of 
Roxborough included the manufacturing village of Manayunk, lying along the Schuylkill, 
in the northwestern portion of the city. Manayunk is the most important seat of textile 
manufacturing in or about the city, employing in that department of industry about six thou- 
sand persons, while in all classes of its manufacturing operations not less than eight thousand 
persons are engaged, aggregating a total yearly product of about twelve million dollars. 

Eastwardly from Germantown lies a region abounding in fertile farms, pretty villages, 
and handsome country-seats. This region is traversed by an almost bewildering multiplicity 
of roads and lanes, many of them rich in historical associations, and leading by mansions that 
date from early colonial days. The old York Road is one of the most ancient and interesting 



106 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



V^' 




TOLL-HOUSE. 



of these tlioioiiulifares. It was ()i)um(l in KiSK, and extends to Hatboro', in Bucks County. It 
is a wide, well-iiradcd, and macadamized road, lined for miles, on both its sides, with stately 
and pictures(]ue residences. Of one of these we give an illustration, showing the old style 
of Philadelphia suburban mansions. It stands in extensive grounds, ornamented with old 

shade-trees, flowers, and 
shrubbery. It is of the 
Grecian order of architecture, 
with lluted columns and pilas- 
ters. Its fine proportions pro- 
duce a breadth of effect which 
is pleasingly suggestive of 
homely comfort and genial 
hospitality. 

One drawback to the 

pleasure of travelling these 

old turnpikes is the occasional 

encountering of the toll-house, 

with its "stand and deliver" 

bar or gate obstructing the 

way. Within the limits of 

the city these are, for the most 

'V ■-••■- part, things of the past, but 

"^ ' there are a few of the turni^ike 

companies whose charters are still in force, and who still have authority to demand and 

receive toll from passers over their roads. 

Over on the Delaware, north of Poplar tStreet, lies Kensington, which belonged formerly 
to the old District of the Northern Liberties. It embraced the whole area out to Richmond, 
including the Reading Railroad's coal-wharves, and at the time of consolidation was one of 
the largest of the outlying municipalities. It is now a closely-built section of the city, and 
is largely devoted to manufacturing, including ship-building and iron-works, together with 
textile industries. A portion of its site Avas anciently an Indian village, known as f^hacka- 
maxon. Here, on the Delaware's bank, stood a great elm-tree, beneath which tradition credits 
Penn with having negotiated his original treaty of peace and friendship with the Indian 
tribes. The nature of this treaty, whether it was one of peace and amity only, or included a 
purchase of lands, and indeed the very fact of its occurrence, have been seriously (juestioned, 
but the better ojiinion seems to be that tliere was such a treaty at the place named. The 
treaty-elm was a landnuirk through all the colonial 
period, and the British General Bimeoe placed a guard 
there for its protection in 1777. It was blown down on 
the 5th of March, 1810, and its site has since been 
marked by a monument, an illustration of which we 
give. 

Northwardly from Kensington the flourishing 
suburb of Fraidvford comes into view. It is the seat 
of extensive manufacturing operations, and includes 
Bridesburg, where are sitiuited the; United States 
Arsenal for the manufacture of cartridges and other 
munitions of war, and the cordage-works of Edwin H. 
Fitler & Co., the head of which firm is tlie present 
Mayor of Philadelphia. Tacony is another manufac- 
tming suburb, where are located the great Disston saw- 
works and other important industrial establishments. 
Holmesburg takes its iiaine from Cai)tain Thomas 
Holme, Penn's surveyor-general. Tiiere are several 

mills here, and near the village is the House of Correction, a lefoiiiiatory iustiliilion to wbirii 
are committed vagrants, drunkards, etc., on com{)laint and hearing lu'fore the numicii)al 
magistrates. Near Holmesburg also is the Edwin Forrest Home for retired actors, situatetl 




KNN Tl^l•:.\l•^ 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



107 





^1 If 







Jfr'^ ■'^1 



FOHliE.ST 11U3IE, IIOLMESBUKG. 



on what was formerly the country-seat of Mr. Forrest, known as " Sprino: Brook." This 
estate, together with the bulk of his other property, by his will, dated April o, 1S66, Mr. 
Forrest l)equeathed to his executors, James Oakes, of Boston, James Lawson, of New York, 
and Daniel Dougherty, of Philadelphia, in trust, for the purposes of this home. The man- 
sion is a roomy old-style 
structure, three stories 
high, and has attached 
to it a farm of one hun- 
dred and eleven acres. 
Busts, portraits, and 
paintings ornament tlie ''- 

interior ; tliere is a li- '^ 






sa 



brary of some eight 
tliousand volumes ; an 
interesting collection of 
personal belongings of 
great actors adds its 
charm, and many of the 
rooms contain elegant 
furniture of more than 
a hundred years of age. 
Across the Mont- 
gomery County line, at 
Benezet, on the Bound 
Brook Division of the 
Reading Railroad, will 
be found one of the most 










A 



■€\ 






A 



-I'^A' 



^H" 






'JBjjT-! 



»!»"■ . 









^ -r . I 








A HOUSK AT BENEZET. 



108 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



strikiiitr of suiiiuliaii residences, the country house of JNIr. Samuel H. Gilbert, a prominent 
mannfacturer of Philadelphia. It has recently been completed from designs by Messrs. Hazle- 












^ -^J*;i.iP^:j«it#>1iyuM, 




^KV. 






3Sp^&5.^ 



'"■ ''<■■'■''•■ 'Jv'--;''''^'?**^",-^^^^ 



K^"^,~ 






RESIDENCE OF MR. WILLIAM SIMPSON, JR., OVERBROOK. 



hurst 
roofed 



md Huc'l' 
witli tile. 



;le, of 410 Walnut Street. It is built of Trenton and imported redstone, is 
and is finished in hard woods througliout. 







rksit)?:nce of rudolpii ellis, esq., I'oxniLi.. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



109 



On tlie western side of the vScliuylkill are great numbers of pretty suburban villages and 
gentlemen's country-seats. The country is rolling, well watered by numerous creeks, and 
diversified by frequent groves and patches of forest laud. Such a region, so near a great city, 
must, more and more as time goes on., become the site of elegant structures, forming the 
sunniier homes of wealthy citizens, and these are now springing up in every direction. We 
give here illustrations of two of these west side rural residences, but might easily fill a book 
of twice the size of this with Illustrations and descriptions of similar elegant abodes. 

Our first illustration represents the country home of Mr. William Simpson, Jr., designed 
by Theophilus P. Chandler, Jr., situated about two and a half miles from Overbrook station, 
on the Pennsylvania Railroad. It is built of a light bluish stone found in the neighborhood, 
and occupies a gentle eminence, making it a conspicuous feature of the landscape. It is of 
the Elizabethan Gothic style of architecture, and is set in extensive grounds fronting the 
Lancaster Pike. It stands about two hundred feet back from the road. 

Another example of Mr. Chandler's work is the country-seat of Mr. Rudolph Ellis, at Fox- 
hill, near Bryn Mawr. This is a low rambling structure, built of stone and roofed with red 
tile. It is beautifully situated on a hill, overlooking a great valley farm which is appurte- 
nant to it. On the side opposite to that shown in the illustration are very wide piazzas, and 
the hill on that side has elaborate stone terraces. The smaller structure to the left of the 
picture is called the "Cabin," and contains a large hall for dancing, billiard- and smokiug- 
I'ooms, and a few chambers for bachelor guests. 



"iplg AUREL HILL is the oldest suburban cemetery in the United States, with the exception 
/il^\ of Mount Auburn, in Boston. Founded in 1835 by Nathan Dunn, Benj. W. Richards, 
John J. Smith, and Frederick Brown, it has long been famous among the places of 
interest in Philadelphia for the natural beauty of its site and scenery (embellished by much 
skill and labor), the magnificence and variety of its monuments, and the names of the dis- 
tinguished dead who lie buried within its walls. Occupying one of the most exquisite situa- 




NORTH ENTRANCE TO LAUREL HILL CEMETERY, RIDGE AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA. 



110 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



"SC. 







tions ill till- luiiihborhood of Phila(U'li)hia, on the liigli and wooded bank of the Schuylkill, 
adjoininj; East, and opposite West, Fairniount Park, it is easily readied on foot as well as l)y 
steamboat, horse-ear, and carriaj^e, and, although not far within the limits of the growing 
city, is i)eeuliarly and i)erfectly protected from encroachments by its surroundings, having 

, . ^ Ilidge Avenue on 

'■'■fft^v'T ''p ^. the east, the river 

v''/'-^1*' on the west, and 

''"vt . ' r"^ the Park on the re- 

maining sides. 

Laurel Hill 
derives its name 
from one of the 
country-seats now 
forming part of the 
cemetery grounds. 
This was the seat 
of Joseph B i m s, 
and was originally 
called "The Lau- 
rels," and after- 
wards "Laurel 
Hill." It is now the 
northern section 
of the cemetery. 
Central Laurel 
Hill was formerly 
"Fairy Hill," the 
country-seat of 
George Pepper, and 
South Laurel Hill 
was "Harleigh," 
the seat of William 
Rawle. 

Laurel Hill is 
rich in monuments 
a n d m o r t u a r y 
sculptures. Just 
w i t h i 11 t h e e n- 
traiice to its north- 

•:,■•'■ ern section stands an interesting group, consisting of Old 

Mortality, his pony, and Sir Walter Scott. The managers, in 
placing these figures in the cemetery grounds, had in view the possibility of embodying the 
idea that Laurel Hill is to be a permanent institution ; as Old Mortality loved to repair 
defaced tombstones, so the originators of the plan of the cemetery hope and believe it will be 
the study of their successors to keep tlie place in iH'ri)etual repair, and Iraiisinit it, uiidrfaced, 
to a distant date. 

For a full deseription of these statues, see the introductory cha])ter of Sir Walter Scott's 
"Old Mortality," who is looking up from his work conversing with Sir Waller. 

Among the illustrious dead in lliis beautiful resting-plaee may be i niiiiuialcil Cliarles 
Thomson, Secretary of the Continental Congress ; Thomas Godfrey, inventor of the inariuers' 
quadrant ; Chief .Justice McKean ; Commodore Hull ; Dr. Kane, the Arctic explorer, and 
many others whose names are engravid not on their monuments alone, but on the hearts 
of their countrymi'ii. 

The advantages possessi'd by the I^aurel Hill Cemeli-ry consist in the romantic i)eauty 
of its locality, in the peculiar adaptation of its dry soil and undulating surfaces to jmrposes 
of interment, in its accessibility l)y cars, boat, and carriages, and in its security ivjraiust 
invasion by .streets, all of which are very important features in a cemetery, and well worthy 







«.:^ 



m, 



I 



4- s-y-S"/-' i./ ' 



IIKIDGK OVKK NICKTOWN L.VNE, IX LAUKEL, 
HILL, CEMETERY. 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



Ill 




SOUTH EIsTKANCE TO LALREI- HILL CEMETEKY, KIDGE AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA. 

of consideration by those desiring to purchase burial-lots. Everj' mind capable of appre- 
ciating the beautiful in nature must admire its gentle declivities, its expansive lawns, its hill 
beethng over the picturesque stream, its rugged ascents, its flowery dells and rocky ravines. 



fHILADELPHIA is fortunate in having within easy access two of the most attractive 
and popular seaside resorts of the Atlantic coast, — Cape May and Atlantic City. Cape 
May derives its name from Captain Cornelis Jacobsen Mey, who, entering Delaware 
Bay in his ship, tlie "Fortune," of Hoorn, Holland, in 1614, gave his name to its northern 
headland. The present city of Cape May is situated about two miles north of the cape, and 
has been for many years celebrated for the excellent bathing-ground afforded by its smooth 
and gently shelving beach. A generation or two ago it was almost the only resort on the 
[New Jersey coast patronized by people of wealth and fashion. It was especially the favorite 
resort of Southerners, and was also much frequented by public men. Nearly all the promi- 
nent statesmen of forty years ago were familiar figures on its promenade. The beach at Cape 
May is over five miles long, and its firm, hard bed of sand affords a splendid drive. The city 
abounds in excellent hotels and boarding-cottages, besides containing many private cottages 
of suunner residents. It has six churches and about two thousand permanent inhabitants. 
Cape May Point is a comparatively new resort, two miles from Cape May, and connected 
with it by a railroad. One of its attractions is a lake of fresh water within a few hundred 
feet of the breakers. Between Cape May Point and the steamboat-landing on Delaware Bay 
— a distance of two miles — is Sea Grove, containing three hotels and some private cottages. 
On the beach near the point is Cape May Light, an important beacon to mariners entering 
Delaware Bay on their way to Philadelphia. It is a revolving dioptric or Fresnel light of 
the first class, elevated one hundred and fifty feet, and is visible fifteen miles at sea. 

Cape May, which was in the early days of its popularity accessible only by water or by 
slow lumbering coaches toiling laboriously through the Jersey sands, is now easily and com- 



Philadelphia and its Environs. lis 

fortably reached by the elegant cars of tlie West Jersey Division of tlie Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, which are taken at Camden, after crossing the river by ferry at the foot of Market 
Street. The distance from Philadelphia by this route is eighty-four miles, and the time 
consumed in making the journey is two and a quarter hours. In the bathing season Cape 
May is also accessible by steamers, and excursions both by rail and boat are of almost daily 
occurrence. The West Jersey Railroad passes through the important towns of Woodbury, 
Glassboro', Vineland, and Millville, and at Newfield Station, North Vineland, a branch to 
Atlantic City leaves the main line, passing tlirough May's Landing and Pleasantville. 

Cape May still measurably retains its hold on the affections of Southerners seeking a 
Northern resort, and it is also largely patronized by people from the West, but it is mainly 
dependent on the patronage of Philadelphians, with whom it always has been, and must ever 
reinain, inseparably associated. 

Atlantic City is a newer resort than Cape May, having attained its popularity as a resort 
mainly within the last twenty-five years, though as a settlement it dates from 1818, and as a 
city from 1854. It is sixty miles from Philadelphia, with which it is connected by three lines 
of railway, — the West Jersey, the Camden and Atlantic, and the Philadelphia and Atlantic 
City. These all start from Camden, and are reached by ferries, crossing the Delaware at the 
foot of Market, of Vine, and of Walnut Streets, respectively. 

Atlantic City has a permanent population of about ten thousand, which in summer is 
swelled to a grand total of from eighty to one hundred thousand, not counting the hosts 
of excursionists whose temporary presence vastly enlarges even this immense aggregate. 
Besides its great popularity as a summer resort, Atlantic City has in recent years become 
famous as a sanitarium in the winter and early months of spring. Its excellence in this 
regard is attributed by physicians to an exceptional dryness in its atmosphere ; but, whatever 
may be the cause, the fact has been experimentally put beyond dispute that in many classes 
of ailment affecting the human system it exerts a potent and beneficial influence. Most of 
its hotels and- many of its boarding-cottages are kept open all winter, and of a bright Sunday 
in February or March the scene presented by its promenade approxinuxtes that exhibited by 
it in the height of the summer season. 

Tlie beach at Atlantic City, while not quite the equal of that at Cape May as a bathing- 
ground, is still one of the best and safest on the coast. The surrounding country is flat and 
uninteresting, consisting largely of vast expanses of salt marsh, but affording the sportsman 
a fairly remunerative field for the pursuit of aquatic game birds. The facilities for boating 
and fishing are excellent, and constitute a powerful attraction to those who have a taste for 
those forms of diversion. The beautiful Brigantine Beach, called by sailors " the graveyard," 
owing to the frequency of wrecks on its sands, lies a short distance north of Atlantic City, 
and is itself becoming a place of considerable resort. Long Beach is another near-by attrac- 
tion for fishermen and sportsmen. 

Atlantic City is laid out in broad, rectilinear avenues, one of which, Atlantic Avenue, is 
the great central business thoroughfare of the town. Stores and shops of various kinds line 
its sides, not a few of which are devoted to the sale of bric-^-brac, sea-shells, marine curi- 
osities, and other light wares, which are much in request as souvenirs of a visit to this agree- 
able resort. The long board-walk, extending for two or three miles along the sea front, also 
contains numerous bazaars devoted to the sale of similar commodities. 

The hotels of Atlantic City are the equals, in all points of comfort and luxury, of those 
of any seaside resort in the land. Their aggregate capacity, immense as it is, is still inade- 
quate to the demands for accommodation in the season's height. They are supplemented, 
however, by a large number of boarding-cottages, which afford comfortable abiding-places to 
the sojourners by the sea, and by people of quiet tastes are often preferred to the large hotels. 
Many Philadelphians have erected elegant cottages, or villas, some of the more modern of 
which are beautiful specimens of architecture. 

Both Cape May and Atlantic City are the creations of Philadelphia enterprise and capital. 
From a very early period in her history Philadelphia has been foremost among the cities of 
the land in promoting and patronizing summer resorts, and nearly all the leading places 
of this description on the New Jersey coast were started by her capitalists and are sustained by 
her people. Sea G irt, Spring Lake, Ocean Beach, Ocean Grove, Asbury Park, Elberon, and Long 
Branch owe their inception to Philadelphia enterprise, and at most of them Philadelphians are 

H 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



115 



predoininaiit as patrons. Ocean City, Sea Isle City, and Beacla Haven are otlier resorts that are 
tlie creation of Pliiladelpliia enterprise and capital, to wliicli may be added Berliley, anew 
resort on Barnegat Buy, wliich owes its existence principally to the same sources. Nor has 
Pliiladelphia stopped with so largely contributing to line the New Jersey coast with an 
almost continuous stretch of health- and pleasure-giving resorts. Her citizens liave pene- 
trated the interior of their own State, and, as at Cresson and numerous other places in the 
Alleghanies, have created mountain refuges for those who would escape the heat and other 
discomforts of city life in summer. More than this, her enterprising capitalists have invaded 
other States and planted on their coasts and mountain-tops, on their islands and by their 
lakes, splendid structures, which, while they afTord luxurious retreats for people from every 
part of the country, attest also Philadelphia's eminence as a centre of caj^ital and progressive 
enterprise. One of her public-spirited citizens, Mr. George Harding, has, by an expenditure 
reaching into the millions, crowned the Catskills with the largest mountain hotel in the 
world. Luray, in Virginia, Bolton and Green Island, in Lake George, Canonicut, opposite 
Newport, and several of the best known resorts in the Adirondacks are wholly her creations, 
while Bethlehem and other summering places in the White Mountains have felt the vivifying 
influence of her enterprise. The same may be said of Mount Desert Island, which is largely 
owned by Philadelphians, whose summer residences outvie all others there in elegance and 
comfort. 




PLACES OF INTEREST. 



Academy of Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry. 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Nineteenth and Race. 

American Philo.sophical Society, Fifth, below Chestnut. 

Apprentices' Library', Southwest corner Fifth and Arch. 

Armory of First Regiment N.G. of Pa., Broad and 
Callowhill. 

Athen.eum, Sixth and Adelphi. 

Blind Asylum, Twentieth and Race. 

Blockley Al.mshouse, West Philadelphia. (Take Walnut 
Street cars to Thirty-fourth Street.) 

Carpenters' Hall, Chestnut, below Fourth. 

Christ Church, Second, above Market. 

Commercial Exchange, Second, below Chestnut. 

County Prison, or "Moyamensing," Eleventh and Pas- 
syunk Ave. (Tickets at Ledger office.) 

Custom-House, Chestnut, above Fourth. 

Eastern Penitentiary, Fairmount Ave., above Twenty- 
second. (Tickets at Ledger office. Take Fairmount 
Ave. cars or Fairmount cars of Traction Co.) 

Episcopal Hospital, 2619 N. Front. 

Frankford Arsenal, Frankford. (Take red cars on Third 
Street.) 

Franklin Institute, Seventh, above Chestnut. 

Franklin's Gr.ave, Southeast corner Fifth and Arch. 

Girard College, Ridge Ave., above Nineteenth. (Tickets 
at Ledger office. Take Ridge Ave. or Nineteenth Street 
cars.) 



Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Thirteenth and 
Locust. 

House of Correction, Holmesburg. 

House of Refuge, Twenty-second, near Poplar. (Tickets 
at Ledger office. Admittance every afternoon, except 
Saturday and Sunday. Take Fairmount cars of Trac- 
tion Co.) 

Independence Hall, Chestnut, between Fifth and 
Sixth. 

Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Broad and Pine. 
(Tickets at Ledger office.) 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, Ridge Ave. (Take Ridge Ave. 
cars.) 

League Island, foot of Broad Street. 

Ledger Building, Sixth and Chestnut. 

Masonic Temple, Broad and Filbert. 

Mayor's Office, Fifth and Chestnut. 

Mercantile Library, Tenth, above Chestnut. 

Merchants' Exchange, Third and Walnut. 

Monument Cemetery, Broad, opposite Berks. 

Mount Vernon Cemetery, nearly opposite Laurel Hill. 

New Public Buildings, Broad and Market. 

Northern Home for Friendless Children, Twenty- 
third and Brown. (Take cars of Traction Co., up 
Ninth, Fairmount branch.) 

Old Swedes' Church, Swanson, below Christian. (Take 
Second Street cars.) 



116 



Philadelphia and its Environs. 



Penn Treaty Monument, Beach, above Hanover. (Take 

red cars on Tliird Street. The same cars pass the 

exlen.sive coal-wharves at Richmond.) 
Penn's Cottage, West Park, near Lansdowne entrance. 
Pennsylvania Hospital, Eightli and Spruce. 
Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insank, Haverford 

Road, West Philadelphia. (Tickets at Ledger office. 

Take Market Street cars.) 
Philadelphia Dispensary (oldest institution of the kind 

in America, having been established in 1776), 127 South 

Fifth. 
Philadelphia Library, Locust and Juniper. 
Post Office, Ninth and Chestnut. 

Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library and Lo- 
ganian Library, Broad and Christian. 



School of Design for Women, Broad and Master. 

Site of Hultsheimer's " New House," southwest corner 
Seventh and Market. 

Union League House, Broad and Sansom. (Visitors 
admitted by being introduced by a member of the 
League.) 

United States Mint, Chestnut, above Thirteenth. Ad- 
mission from 9 to 12 a.m. daily, except Sunday. 

United States Naval Asylum, Gray's Ferry Road, below 
South. (Take cars out Pine or Soutli Streets.) 

University of Pennsylvania, Thirty-sixtli and Wood- 
land Ave. 

Woodland Cemetery, Woodland Ave., West I'hilarlelphia. 
(Take Darby cars or Walniut Street eius to Tliirty-ninth 
Street.) 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT 



Academy of Music, Broad and Locust. 

Arch Street Opera House, Tenth and Arch. 

Arch Street Theatre, Arch, above Sixth. 

Association Hall, Fifteenth, below Che.stnut. 

Athletic Base-Ball Grounds, Twenty-sixtli and Jeffer- 
son. 

Battle of Chickamau(;a (Panorama), Chestnut, above 
Twenty-first. 

Battle of Gettysburg (Cyclorama), Broad and Cherry. 

Chestnut Street Opera House, Chestnut, above Tenth. 

Chestnut Street Theatre, Chestnut, above Twelfth. 

Dime Museum, Ninth and Arch. 

Eleventh Street Opera House, E:ieventh, above Chest- 
nut. 

Forepaugh's Casino, Broad, above Columbia Ave. 



Forepaugh's Theatre, Eighth, below Vine. 
Grand Central Theatre, Walnut, above Eighth. 
Grand Opera House, Broad and Montgomery Ave. 
Great European Museum (for gentlemen only). Chest- 
nut, above Seventh. 
Horticultural Hall. Broad, below Locust. 
Broad Street The.\tre, Broad, below Locust. 
Musical Fund Hall, Locust, below Ninth. 
New N.\.tional Theatre, Tenth and Callowhill. 
Philadelphia Ball Park, Broad. Huntingdon, Fifteenth, 

and Lehigh Ave. 
Thalia Theatre (German), Crown, Willow, and Fifth 

Streets. 
Walnut Street Theatre, Nintli and Walnut. 



RAILROAD DEPOTS. 



Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Chestnut Street 

Bridge. 
Camden and Atlantic Railroad, Vine Street Ferry. 
North Pennsylvania Railroad, Berks and American, 

above Second, and Ninth and Green. 
Pennsylvania Railroad, Broad and Filbert. 



Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railroad, Pier 8, 

Walnut Street Wharf. 
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, Thirlocntli and 

Callowhill; Gennantown and Xorriatowu ISrauch and 

Bound Brook Pivision, Ninth and Green. 
West Jersey Railroad, Market Street Ferry. 



A£> VERTISEMENTS. 




CIolKier * 



<^J 



How Designs for Furniture and Decoration are Originated. 

GNSIDERABLE interest has been awakened among the art-loving circles of Phila- 
delphia, in the exceptional collection of unique and charmingly-designed 
interior decorations displayed at the furnished Art Parlors of the Clothier and 
Clark Decorative Company, Limited, 1022 Walnut Street. This display has 
several features that are both attractive and original, one of the principal of these 
being the manner in which separate rooms are arranged for artistic exhibits of 
Florentine wood carvings, antique Flemish and Italian cabinets, chairs, mantels, chifFonnieres, 
etc. These separate displays are curtained off" by old Mosque portiferes, above which are 
exquisitely-designed Meshreebeah panels, inlaid with mother-of-pearl in curious Byzantine 
patterns. Between these beautiful Moorish arches are suspended antique Mosque lamps, the 
Avhole forming an Oriental picture of entrancing beauty and superb workmanship. 

We believe this to be the first purely Oriental display in any decorative establishment in 
the country, and it is attracting much attention from lovers of the beautiful and those whose 
artistic tastes incline them to this unique style of interior decoration. In other cities — notably 
London, Boston, and New York — this manner of decoration is becoming widely popular in 
the homes of those inclined to the study of the higher and classic arts. 

The steadily-increasing demand among our wealthy classes for high-grade Japanese ceram- 
ics, and particularly for the antique and De Nippon manufacture, induced the firm above 
named to secure the sole right to represent in this State the celebrated Nippon Mercantile 
Company of Yokohama. Tliis collection of bronzes, Cloissonne and Satsuma porcelains and 
carved ivory is arranged in French inlaid ebony and ivory china closets, admitting the light 
from all sides, and thus giving the examiner the fullest facilities for microscopically viewing 
the curious objects. 

In the room adjoining exhibit is displayed a large collection of Eastern hangings, rugs, 
carpets, embroideries in gold and silver threads, and old Persian silk wall tapestries. These 
will possess the highest interest for those who have travelled through Asia Minor and Turkey, 
and who have been favored with a view of the government possessions in those countries, 
which never pass into commercial channels. The examples of Eastern mediaeval art manu- 
facture here exhibited are strictly exclusive, and are drawn from sources not accessible to 
general dealers. 

The second floors of the establishment are devoted to the productions of Wm. Morris & Co., 
of London. Mr. Morris's name is a household word in Great Britain, as both poet and artist, 
as well as manufacturer, and his masterpiece of interior decoration, the Sandringham Palace, 
has been accepted by British architects as the most perfectly-appointed and artistic home in 
England. To the art lover and connoisseur the study of these wonderful textile fabrics pro- 
duces new sensations, in showing to what extent can be carried the blending of the colors we 
owe to the British poet-artists, and in the reproduction in silk are woven the ideas and colors 
we recognize in the pictures of Alma Tadema, Burne-Jones, and Rossetti. 

We think that the enterprise shown by the Clothier and Clark Decorative Company Avill 
bo warmly appreciated by our architects, artists, connoisseurs, and tasteful buyers generally. 
We understand that the Company takes orders for the decoration of a room or entire house 
at moderate prices. 



A J) \ 'ER TISEMENTS. 



RUTHERFORD &. BARCLAY. 



MINERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 



RUTHERFORD'S METALLIC PAINT.^ 



Main Office, 305 Chestnut Street, ^ 
PHILADELPHIA. PA, U.S.A. ^ 



LtHl'JH CAP. PA 






I .iPAINT5» 1. 



NEW YORK- 138 1 140 MAIDEN lilNE 
PHILADELPHIA 65 (67 NORTH FRONT STfltET. 
CHICAGO' 112 RANDOLPH STREET. 



-^U ARANTEED 
THE BEST PAINT MADE, 



THE PHILADELPHIA PRESS 

EIGHT PAGES, TWO CENTS. 

Seventh, and Chestnnt Streets, Philadelphia. 



The Ablest Daily. The Fayorite WeeHy. The (Srealest Snnilay Newspaper 

ever published in Philadelphia. Confessedly excelling all of its rivals in enterprise, and 
having the largest circulation amongst the best classes, it is recognized by the press and public 
as THE LEADING JOUBNAL of the MIDDLE STATES. 

Through its several editions The Press reaches the most remote parts of the country, but 
its immediate field embraces the States of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, 
and West Virginia. There is no l)etter means of reaching the better cla.ss of homes in this 
section than through the columns of the M-eek-day and Sunday editions of The Press. 

The Sunday Press has a larger circulation than any newspaper published in the State 
of Pennsylvania. 

Advertisers are guaranteed a circulation exceeding 4:5,000 copies on any week-day, and 
65,000 copies on any Sunday in the year. 

Ordinary Advertisements, 15, 20, and 25 cents per line. 
THE PRESS COMPANY (Limited), Proprietors, 

Svi'viith. ami ('lirstinif Sts., I'hilatlrlitliin. 



TENTH 



HOTEL COI_U7VYBIK, 



SEHSON. 



OCEAN BEACH. NEW JERSEY. 

Jjortttfft (lirrrtlff »ii //»«• slutt-r. trithin ITtO frrt nf titr Surf, «nrf ttrav Shtirfi Kivrr iitlrt. 

A FIRST-CLASS HOUSE, WITH FIRST-CLASS APPOINTMENTS. 
FRED. £. FOSTER, 9lHiin(rer. »». A. MOWER, rroprietor. 



AD VEBTISEMENTS. 




PHILADELPHIA. PA. 



i 



THE MOST ADVANCED STYLES OF 



Paper Hangings 



j;$ ^^ y^ * * * 



MND 



* * * * * 5^ >!4 Jl4 J^ * * ^1^ * * * -:l* 



F 



rescomg, 



Special and Artistic Combinations for both 

City and Country Houses. 
Novel Effects being Constantly Introduced. 



Painting in all its Departments, 



^SHOiAi-ROOTV^S** 



HANDSOMELY DECORATED, 
ON SECOND FLOOR. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 






«•■«■■***«•«■*■«■»«-■»•«•«■»■»»*»«■ 



Boys' Clothing 



and 



Fine Merchant Tailoring, 



Ladies' Habits 

and 

Over-Garments 

Made to Order. 



F. A. Hoyt & Co., 

1026 Chestnut Street. 



**•»•«•*•«•■»-»•■»■■*•***•**•«-* *• * * * 



'i&^ 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



New England Conservatory 




pdf^klii/S(^Udre Boston 



Larjgest and best-appointed gobool of 5Vl"sic, Literature, 
and 'Pirt in the lOor^d. 

MUSIC ii5 taught in all its departments, Instrumental and Vocal, including Piano-forte, Organ, Violin, and 
all Orchestral and Band Instruments ; Voice Culture and Singing, Harmony, Theory and Orchestration, 
Church Music, Oratorio and Chorus Practice, Art of Conducting; also, Tuning and Repairing Pianos and 
Organs. All under the very best teachers, in classes and private. 

SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS.— Drawing, Painting, and Modelling from Casts and from Nature, in Crayon, 
"Water and Oil Colors; Portraiture and China Decorating. 

COLLEGE OF ORATORY.— Vocal Technique, Elocution, Rhetorical Oratory, Dramatic and Forensic Art. 

SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.— French, German, and Italian, under best foreign professors. 
Thorough course leading to diploma. 

SCHOOL OF GENERAL LITERATURE.— Common and higher English branches, Latin, Mathematics, 
and Literature. 

THE NEW HOME is located in the heart of Boston, confessedly the musical, literary, and artistic centre 
of America. The beautiful park in front, and the surrounding broad streets, make it both healthful and 
delightful. It is splendidly equipped for both home and the schools, furnishing home accommodations for 
five hundred lady students, and class accommodations for three thousand lady and gentlemen students. 

COLLATERAL ADVANTAGES. — Well-equipped gymnasium, resident physician, large musical and 
general library, and free classes, lectures by eminent specialists, recitals, concerts, etc., amounting to one 
hundred and eighty hours per term. 

Two thousand one hundred and eighty-six students, from fifty-five States, Territories, British Provinces, 
and foreign countries, in attendance last year. 

TUITION, $5.00 to 825.00 per term. Board and room, including steam heat and electric light, S.'>.00 to 87.50 
per week. 

Visitors welcome week-days. Send for new and beautifully-illustrated calendar, free, to 



E. XOWRJEE, D 



IRECTOR, 



FrankUn Square, BOSTDN. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



DREERS SEEDS 

ARE XHE BEST 



FARM AND GARDEN. 

•st consideratio 

SEEDS, 



Quality m the first consideration, secured by the most careful selection. The prices the lowest 

consistent with sterling merit. 



PLANTS, 



BUL-BS, 



SMALL FRUITS, AND EVERYTHING FOR THE GARDEN. 

Drekr's Gardkn Calendar is the most complete in circulation, und u guide to the suc- 
cessful cultivation of tlie Garden or Farm. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of six cents. 
Half Catalogue Distributed Gratuitously. 



HENRY 7^. DREER, 

Seedsman and Florist, No. 714 Chestnut Street. 

THE EVENING CALL. 

A FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 

Every issue of The Call contains, not only all the telegraphic and local news of the day, 
but literary miscellany of interest to every member of the houseliold. 

The Call is a newspaper for the family, and is a welcome guest at tliousands of firesides. 

ROBHRT S. DAVIS, Proprietor, 

SPECIMEN COPIES FREE. V« South Set'enth Sttwet, i'hna<leJt>hia. 



m 



u 



J. E. DITSON &. CO., 

19QB Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 

OFFER A FUMi I,INK OK 

SHEET MUSIC AND MUSIC BOOKS 

A 1,1, OI- THK 

FASHIONABLE MUSIC OF THE DAY 

A M) I'll I'. 

POPULAR CHEAP COLLECTIONS. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



THE HHLE S KILBURN MFG. CO. 

4-5.^^50 NORTH SIXTH ST.., PHILADELPHIA. 



KXTENSIVK MAKERS OF 



Fine Furniture, Interior Decorations, Hicii Upliolstery, Ornamental Wood-worli, 

Parlof Suites. lAUftiru Suites, Cltnnther Suites, IHnittg-Rtnnn Suites, Parlni- Cabinets, 
Chinu Closets, n'l-iting Deshs, OJJiee It'uvttiture, 

FOLDING BEDS, PORTABLE V/ ASH-STANDS, Etc. 

WORK TO ORDER 



IN GREAT VARIETY OF STYLES AND PRICES. 



WE TAKE THE LEAD IN 

Artistic Designs, Novel Designs, 

Original Designs. 

WE EXCEL IN 

Durable Work, Elegant Finish, 

Reasonable Prices. 




Wasii-sta n d— Desk Tor. 



Tei-escope" Folding Bed. 



Wash-stand— Desk Top. 



TITLES. DEPOSITS. TRUSTS. SURETYSHIPS. 



The Coninioiiwealtli Title Insurance and Trust Company, 

706 CHESXIVUX STREET, 1'HILADEI.PHIA. 



President, 
HENRY M. DECHERT. 
T^tle and Tnist Officer, 
EDWARD H. BONSALL, 



CAPITAL, $500,000.00. 

o:f:ficee.s. 

Vice-President, 

WM. NELSON WEST. 

Assistant Title Officer, 

ANDREW T. KAY. 



Secretary and Treasurer, 

ADAM A. STULL. 

Cas/iicr, 

Z. W. JORDAN. 



A. M. BEITLER. GEOKGE W. HANCOCK. JAMES H. STEVENSON. FRANCIS E. BREWSTEIl. 

HENRY M. DECHERT. JOHN F. LEWIS. FREDK SYLVESTER. CHARLES CARVER. 

SAMUEL T. FOX. ANDREW J. MALONEY. FREDK B. VOGEL. W. S. RINGGOLD. 

WILLIAM GORMAN. JOHN H. SLOAN. WM. NELSON WEST. 



This Company is composed of Five Hundred leading Lawyers, 
Conveyancers, and Real Estate Hrokers. 



INSURES TITLKS to Real Estate, Mortgages, 
and against special risks, sueli as decedents' debts, 
mechanics' liens, etc. 

I.SSUES SEARCHES. 

EXECUTES TRUSTS of every description, act- 
ing as executor, adiuiuistrator, guardian, assignee, 
receiver, registrar, etc. 



RECEIVES DEPOSITS, payable on check at 
sight, and allows two per cent, interest. 

LOANS MONEY on mortgages and (Mher good 
collaterals at lowest rates, receiving payments in 
instalments, if desired. 

BECOMES SURETY for executors, administra- 
tors, and all parties in fiduciary capacities. 



A D VER T IS E ME NTS. 



HKLL- St CHRPENTER, 

PHILADELPHIA, 

Importers of Tin Plate and Metals 



SOLE IMPORTERS OK 



''Hail's G.D.C. Best Best Charcoal" Extra Heavily Coated Roofing Plates; 
Killey Extra Charcoal Roofing Plates. 



also, 



Every Sheet of Prime Stamped nt the Works. 



TIlsTSIMIITIiS' J^'JSJ'ID STOV:E3S<!r-A.JK:EK,S' STJI'IE'XilES. 




AD VER TISEMENTS. 



NATIONAL 

Bank of the Republic, 

Philadelphia. 

organized december 5, 1865. 




DIRECTORS: 
WILLIAM H. RHAWN, 



President. 



313 CHESTNUT STREET. 



PRESIDENT, 
WILLIAM H. RHAWN. 

CASHIER, 

JOSEPH P. MUMFORD. 



FREDERIC A. HOYT, 

F. A. Hoyt & Co. 
CHARLES RICHARDSON, 

Chas. Richardson & Sons;. 
WILLIAM HACKER, 

Coal and Canal Cos., Pennsylvania R.R. 
WILLIAM B. BEMENT, 

Bement, Miles & Co. 
CHARLES T. PARRY, 

Burnham, Parry, Williams <& Co. 
JAMES M. EARLE, 

James S. Earle & Sons. 
JOHN P. SMITH, 

MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan Company. 
HOWARD HINCHMAN, 

Ilow'd Hinchman & Son. 
HENRY W. SHARPLESS, 

Sharpless Brothers. 
EDWIN J. HOWLETT, 

E. J. Hewlett & Son. 
EDWARD K. BISPHAM, 

Samuel Bispham & Sons. 
HENRY T. MASON, 

Glue, Curled Hair, etc. 



SoLiriTOR, 
Notary, 



CHARLES E. PANCOAST. 
ALONZO P. RUTHERFORD. 



Capital, 
Surplus, 



$500,000 
$300,000 



This Bank does a General Banking and Collection Business on favorable 
terms, and solicits Accounts of Individuals, Firnns, Banks and Bankers, Insur- 
ance, Trust and Railroad Connpanies, and other Corporations. 

National Banks, in other than reserve cities, may use this Bank as a Re- 
serve Depository. 

ACCOUNTS AND CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. 



10 



AD VEETISEMENTS. 



.$:3^fe^-^.- 



46 



GOLDEN DAYS^^ 

FOR 

-^BOYS AND GIRLS-*- 



The BrigMegt and Begt of all the Juvenile pahlicatioi]?. 



Its sixteen pages are brimful of choice reading by the most popular writers. Its illustrations are 
all by well-known artists. 

The circulation is now nearly 

This fact is the best proof of its worth, and is a gratifying acknowledgment from parents that our 
efforts to print a paper for their children are well appreciated. Specimen copies sent free. 



To Advertisers. 



The immense circulation of "Golden Days" is of interest to yon. 

On the cover pages, advertisements are inserted at the low rate of FIFTY CENTS PER LINE, 
-the lowest rates, considering the circulation, of any first-class publication. 



^pEdlljEM dOpV ^EflT FI(EE. 



JAMES ELVERSON", Publisher "Golden Days," 

PniL.VDEI.VUlA, Penna. 



From the We«t Pliiladelpliln Prew. 

GoLPEN Days.— This weekly journal for young peo- 
ple has rciichcrt a circulation that embraces the en- 
tire country. Indeed, there is hardly to be found a 
village or hamlet in the newest of the States or in 
our far Western Territories in which (,;c)1,i>kn Days 
Is not a welcome visitor. The proprietor and editor, 
Mr. James Klverson, deteriMined from tin' first to 
make it a.jonrn.il ihat should pleast^ and at the same 
lime instruct lh<' younj;, and he has been completely 
Huccessful. There is no weekly pai)er ])ul)lislied in 
this or the Did World that so cov(M-s the lield for the 
vouthfnl mind jis (Joi.den Days. There is nothing 
heavy about it— nfithing prosy or dillieult to compre- 
hend in the matter it contains. Its stories are 
graphic, entertaining, and by th<^ best writers, while 
each n\imber has articles esnecially prepared on sub- 
jects of practical interest to boys and girls by anthors 
whose fame in the arena of natural history, science, 
biography and art is nationiil. Adiltoall these ex- 
cellencies and attractions the UwX that no impure 
line or thon;^ht t^ver stains its pages, and it must be 
acknowle<l,'eil that Golhkn Days is pre-eminently 
fitted to become the intellectual and pleasant com- 



Froin Itio Motliortlst. Xcw VorK. 

James Klverson, Philadelphia, publishes a hand- 
some, illustrated and interesting youth's paper, 
called G0Lt>KN Days. It should tind a welcome in 
every Christian home for the young folks, for tho 
reading is wholesmne, and such "liteiature should bo 
encouraged by prompt subseriiilions. If the youn 
sters catch a filimpse of it, they will lind they need 
as a recreation after study-hours. 



!^ 



From llir I>»il.v Inlor-Occnii, Clilcngro, III. 

Golden Days, Fok Boys and Gihls. Philadelphia, 
James Elver.son. Golden Days presents a very 
handsome appearance. It is a slxteen-iiage weekly, 
well niled with stories, sketches, .idveiit ure, history 
and biography, both pleasing and instructive. Tho 
publisher i)roinisos the eomiin: year to add many new 
atlra«:tions to tho magazine, .'^ome of the best writers 
are entrained in serial stories. Tlie illustrations of 
(ioi.DKN Days are in the best style >>f art, and tho 
literal uri- pur<', tresh and in v i^'orat iiitx, ana nevt>r ot 
that namby-pamby aoi-t,eucrvaliuy and douioraliziua 



A D VER T IS E ME NTS. 



11 




Philadelphia Record. 



HE RECORD is the pioneer newspaper in the United States in publishing from 
day to day the current news, local and general, for a price which places it 
within the reach of everybody. It has many imitators, but has no equal. 

The Record is published every day, and sent, postage free, to any part of the 
United States for Four Dollars per year, payable in advance. Exclusive of the 
Sunday issue the price is Three Dollars per year, or thirty cents per month. 

To subscribers in Philadelphia or its suburbs The Record is delivered at eight 
cents per week ; or without the Sunday Record at six cents per week, payable 
to the carrier. 

The Saturday Record or the Sunday Record will be sent by mail, separately, to 
subscribers for One Dollar per j^ear, free of postage. 

The Record contains the Associated Press news from all parts of the world, and 
special correspondence from every important point. Full market reports, both foreign 
and domestic, are a specialty. Able financial articles, correct local reports, and fear- 
less editorials on important topics are features of the paper. 

On Saturday and Wednesday a double sheet is published, and on those days col- 
umns are devoted to agriculture, science, household knowledge, the fashions, sports, 
and other valuable and interesting readiner matter. 

In addition to accurate reports of occurrences, local, domestic, and foreign, the 
Sunday Record gives prominence to sporting events and dramatic matters. 

The circulation of The Record (exceeding that of anj^ of its daily contempo- 
raries, and larger than that of any other newspaper in the United States with one 
exception) makes it an exceptionally valuable medium for advertising. As a matter 
of business fairness and propriety, it publishes for the benefit of advertisers a 
daily statement of its circulation, so that the wayfarer, though a fool, need not make 
any mistakes. 

The Record makes its own paper; is printed in its own office; and has in use 
four of Hoe's Perfecting Presses with the latest improvements, capable of turning 
out one hundred thousand folded papers every hour. It is in every sense a complete, 
an independent, and a prosperous journal. 

Address all communications to 

THE PHILADELPHIA RECORD, 

917 and 919 Chestnut Street. 



12 



A D VERTISEMENTS. 




WOOD-ENGRAVING AND ELEGTROTYPING. 



FOUl^P 




606-614 ga^SOM gTREET, 
PHILADELPHIA. 



TYPES, BORDERS, CUTS, RULES, ORNAMENTS, AND ALL THE REQUISITES OF 

A FIRST-CLASS PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT, 

FURNISHED AT LOWEST PRICES, 

INCLUDING PRINTING PRESSES AND PRINTING MACHINERY. 



AD VEBTISEMENTS. 



13 




Ijuafantee Trust and ^afe Deposit Company, 

3ie, 31S, nntl 320 Chestnut St., rhiltulel^liia. 



CAPITAL 



$1,000,000. 



THOMAS COCHRAN, President. 

EDWARD C. KNIGHT, Vice-President. 

JNO. S. BROWN, Treasurer. 

JOHN JAY GILROY, Secretary. 
RICHARD C. WINSHIP, Trust Officer. 

H. J. DELANY, AssT. Treasurer. 



Rents Safes in its Fire- nnd 

Bnrglar-Proof Vaults. 

Pfotevtetl by Sioc Hall Time Locks. 

With Combination and Permutation 
Locks that can be opened only by the 
renter, at $7 to S125 per annum. 

Allows interest on deposits of money. 

Executes Trusts of every kind, holding 
trust funds separate and apart from all 
other assets of the Company. 

Collects interest or income. 

Receives for .safe keeping, under guaran- 
tee, valuables of every description, such 
as coupon, registered and other bonds, 
certificates of stock, deeds, mortgages, 
coin, plate, jewelry, etc., etc. 

Acts as Registrar or Transfer Agent of 
corporation stocks. 

Receipts for and safely keei)s wills with- 
out charge. 

For further information call at the office, 
or send for circular. 



THE INQUIRER 

has a large circulation in families and among 
capitalists and business men in Philadelphia 
and throughout Pennsylvania and the neigh- 
boring States. It sustains a highly-favorable 
reputation as a first-class daily newspaper, and 
is a most desirable medium for advertisers. 




W. W, HARDING, PUBLISHER. 
IOth and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia. Pa 



TJ)e Oaily Herald 

(CHRONICLE-HERALD). 

The Favorite Household Afternoon 
Paper. 

PRICE, ONE CENT. 



DENNIS F. DEALY, 
21 South Sevetith Street, Pltilttilelphia. 

T|)€ Sunday Mercury. 

;A1I the News and More Specialties 

tlian any other Sunday 

Newspaper. 

Masonic and other Secret Society Matters, Fashion Plates, 
Gossip, etc. 

PRICE, FIVE CENTS. 



DENNIS F. DEALY, 
21 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia. 



14 



A D VER TISEMENTS. 



THE EVENING STAR 

WASHINGTON. 



[frutu The Evenlua Sttti-, Fchrmtru a, iSSr.] 

STILL FORWARD ! 
At the boginning of the present year Thk Star published a table illustrating the increase 
in the circulation of the paper and in the number of new advertisements printed in its 
columns for each month during the years 1885 and 1S8G. For the purpose of showing the 
public that the course of The Star is still onward, the figures for the month of January in 
the two years named are given below, together with those for last month. They are as 
follows, and speak for themselves : 

AVERAGE DAILY CIRCULATION. I NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. 



January 



1&S.5. 
20,486 



23,338 



ISST. 

25,470 



iss.-,. 
January 2785 



3200 



18S7. 

3615 



[Fi-o»»i The Evening Star, Mafvh t, tHST!.\ 



SOME STAR FIGURES FOR FEBRUARY. 

The number of new advertisements printed in The Evening Star during the month of 
February just closed was 3847, being 785 more than were printed in the corresponding month 
last year, wlien the aggregate reached 3062, and 232 more than were printed in the month 
of January, 1887, which, it will be observed, contains two more business days tlian the month 
of February. 

Tiie average daily circulation of The Star during February, 1887, was 26,299, against 
24,321 in February, 188G, and 829 more than the average daily circulation in January last, 
which was 25,470. 

The largest circulation for any one day in the month just past was that of Saturday, Feb- 
ruary 12th, when it reached 31,226 copies actually sold and circulated! This is the largest 
ordinary and regular edition of the paper ever issued, — that is to say, when no extras were 
pul>lislied, and when there was no specially exciting .or interesting news to attract public 
attention, and thus inci'ease the sales of the paper beycmd the normal demand. This circula- 
tion, within a jjopulation of 200,000, is simply enormous, and jiresents a sliowing which cannot, 
it is confidently believed, be equalled by that of any other journal in the world. 



Of this average daily circulation of 25,470 coi)ies, the boolis of tlie ollice sliow that an 
average of 23,000 copies were circulated each day within the city limits b.v carriers, news- 
boys, and counter sales at the office. Estimating the population of Wasiiington at the present 
time at something over 220,000, this provides one copy of The Star for about every ninth 
per.son in the city, of -whatever color, creed, nationality, or circumstaiuvs of life. 

Sfir No other newspaper in the world has so full a circulation as this in Iho city in which it is 
printed, and this circulation includes the wealthiest and most cultured classes of Washington 
society, to whom THE STAK especially commends itself by its attention to social and lashionablo 
intelligence, its items in which departments furnish the chief source of information, in this regard, 
to newspapers in all parts of the country. 

Taking the usual allowaiuie of five readers for each copy of a paper sold (and in the ca.so 
of a recognizi'd family newspaper like this the allowance sliould be considerably larger), and 
it may safely be assumed that The Star is reail by about every person in Washington wlio is 
able to read. 

-^- It follows, therefore, that it is the cheapest and best advertising medium within its field to 
be found anywhere in this or any other country. 



A D VER TISEMENTS. 



15 



Johnston's Kluid Bekf 

CONTAINS, IN A HIGHLY-CONCENTRATED FOKM, 

EVERY ELEMENT OF A PERFECT FOOD. 

It gives tone to the nervous system, while increasing muscu- 
lar development, and may be used with equal advantage by 
the teacher, doctor, author, or merchant who seeks recovery 
from mental overstrain, and by the atlilete desirous of attain- 
ing the highest physical condition for his trials of strength 
and endurance. 

K/0BE:E^T SHZOEHyCj^ICEI^ &c Co., 

GENERAL AGENTS FOR UNITED STATES, 

Northeast Corner Fourth and Race Streets. 

THK KVKNING STAR 

THE OLDEST OF THE DAILY PENNY PAPERS 
IN THE CITY. 




All the News.^Price, One Cent. 



By Mail, 30 Cents a Month. 



For advertising rates, 

address 



SCHOOL & BLAKELY, 

30 and 32 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia. 



THE C7XTHOL.IO SXKNOMRD. 

A CATHOLIC FAMILY JOURNAL. 
Itevtttetl to the. Defetioe of CatHolic Prindples autl the Pfopagatlon of Sountl Ctttholic Thought. 

KBLE, PRESH, KND i^IGOROUS. 

The Catholic Standard is one of the largest, most ably conducted, and generally readable Catholic family news- 
papers in the United States. Its columns are filled every week with a great amount of varied and instructive reading 
matter on religious, literary, and other subjects of general interest suited to the home circle. 

Its Editorials are able, fresh, and vigorous on all questions of the times jiertaining to the interest of the Church and 
involving the rights of Catholic citizens. 

It has a regular weekly correspondent stationed at Rome, and publishes weekly the latest news from all parts of 
Ireland. It furnishes the latest reliable Catholic news from all parts of the world, special attention being given to the 
reproduction of discourses by distinguished Catholic orators and preachers. 

In its Literary Department will be found a great variety of entertaining matter, comprising Serial Stories, Sketches 
of Foreign and American Life, Short Tales, Poems, Interesting Reading for the Young Folks, etc., etc. 

Advertising Rates:— Per line, one insertion. 15 cents; two insertions, 25 cents; three insertions, 35 cents; four 
insertions. 40 cents; three months (thirteen in.sertions), Sl.OO; six months, 81.75; one year, $3.00. Special notices, 25 
cents per line; and advertisements printed as reading matter, 50 cents per line, each insertion. 

Ti:RMs:-$2.50peramium, in advance. Address HARD Y & MAHONY, Publishers and Proprietors, 

505 Cin;'^TNi'T Streft, Philadelphia, Pa. 



! » * » ONE CENT! 

rilHE oldest daily newspaper in America. The North 
-*- American, 701 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, sent to 
any address, city or country, for six cents a week. The 
North American is a member of the Associated Press; 
gives all the news; is bright, lively, sparkling, and amusing; 
and is just the sort of paper to please both men and w^omen. 

ONE CENT! » » * READ IT! 



16 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



WIEDERSHEIM & KINTNER, 

Solicitors of Patents, Trade-Marks, Copyrights etc. 

Experts and Expert Counsel in Mechanical and Electrical Matters. 

Electricity a Specialty. 

Attention to Patent Law and Patent Causes. 

OFFICE, THE RECORD BUILDING, 

917 and 9x9 Chestnut Street, 

J2e5 Broa,1,r»u, A>.r lo.A- Vtty. 'FI^LT.T-iJ^lD'^XjrE'lil.XJ^. 



Rrtindi O/ftfefi 



{514 



F Street, lV<inhin(fton. It.f. 




^Ptcravinos and ^LLustracions for 
pool^s, (satalo^ues, Newspapers, 

and Sirculars promhclu and ac- 
curate [[/ executed. 



Serettth atnl t'lirstimf Sfrf'ffs, 
I'h ilatlelitli ifi. 



THE BALTIMORE NEWS. 

The New.s is the only Evenin.a: paper published in Baltimore. It has the monopoly of 
the afternoon field in this, one of the largest and most important of the leading cities in 
America. No other paper in tlie United States probably occupies a position so strikingly 
advantageous to adv'ertisers. 

[F)-om The Baltimore Daily yews, July 17, 1880.] 

The Daily and Suxday News -srill hereafter be pnblishecl by The 'Datt.y Nem's AssoriATiox of Balti- 
more (Mty, of which Mr. Cliaiios Emory Smith, of the Philadelphia Press, is rrcsidcnt. The News will remain 
under tliesame i)r,actical management as heretofore,— Mr. E. V. Hermangc, the Manager, and .lamos H. Brewer, 
Editor. The reputation of Mr. .Smith as one of the ablest and most successful newspaper men in the United 
Stales justifies the public in expecting that The News will not only continue to be a successful, substantial, 
and prosperous institution, as it is now and has been for years, but, reinforced by such valuable resources as the 
new coriioration will bring to it, reach even a broader sphere of usefulness. The design of the new organiza- 
tion is to publish a thoroughly readable, pushing, reliable journal, which will be strictly independent and 
impartial in polities. It will be "no great man's parasite and no jiarty's tool," but a straightforw.-u-d. just, 
honest, fearless, enterprising, and conservative family paper, gathering and i>ublishing all the news, and 
looking steadfastly, earnestly, and Intelligently to the best mterests of the City of Baltimore. 

The terms for advertising in The News, considering tlie gr(>at advantages offered, are very 
rea.sonable. 

"THE SUNDAY NEWS" 

is the pioneer and for many years was the only Sunday newspaper published in Baltimore. 

The News was the first newspaper in the South printed on the Perfecting Press, which 
nearly all the leading papers have since adopted. It has long been recognized as the live, 
enterprising paper of the city, has an immense circulation, is liberally ]Kdronized by atlver- 
tisers, and appreciated by them as a most piolitable medium. 

THE DAILY NEWS ASSOCIATION. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



17 



How legitimate business can be 
legitimately extended. 




The cheapness of Advertising in this 
age of cheap Newspapers. 




THE TIMES offers to bvisiness men the cheapest and best medium tvithin reach of Phila- 
delphians for addressing the most desirable class of custom. + + -i- -i- •!• -i- i- -i- 
THE TIMES offers to daily business adveriiseis a rate not exceeding ONE-foukth of a cent 
PER LINE for every thousand bona fide subscribers and purchasers, i- i- + + 



THE TIMES 

IS PUBLISHED 
DAILY, SUNDAY, WEEKLY. 

The standard value of advertising in New 
Yorlt, and most otlier cities, is one cent per 
line per thousand copies, and few public jour- 
nals can furnish such circulation on the basis 
of these advertising rates. + + + + + 



THE TIMES 



is read in more homes daily than any other 
newspaper published in Philadelphia. 

The Times has, we believe, much the largest 
circulation of any Pennsylvania journal in the 
thrifty and intelligent inland cities, towns, and 
communities which deal in Philadelphia, and it 
reaches every State and Territory of the Union. 



ADVERTISERS CAN SEE FOR 
THEMSELVES AT THE 
PUBLICATION OFFICE 
OF "THE TIMES" NOT 
ONLY THE EXACT 

DAILY CIRCULATION OF 



¥r 



THE 






The following are the rates for advertising in THE 
advertisers and agents. All clans advertisements 

Regular rates 20c. 

Amusements 15c. 

First page, display 50c. 

Editorial page, display 40c. 

Reading Notices 75c. to $1.00 

Personals 20c. 

Business Notices 35c 



SPECIAL POSITIONS, 



THE PAPER, BUT EXACTLY 
WHERE IT CIRCU- 
LATES,ALLOFWHICH 
CAN BE RATIFIED BY 
PAPER BILLS AND CASH 
RECEIPTS FOR CIRCULATION 



-^l- 



TIMES, subject to the discount allowed to stated 
are charged the rates given without discount. 

Special -e®~ Notices 25c. 

Auction Sales 10c. 

Wants 10c. 

Boarding 10c. 

For Sale and to Let 10c. 

Summer Resorts 10c. 

Schools 10c. 



••• 



SPECIAL RATES. 



THE TIMES makes no appeal to business men for advertising except on the basis of profit to the 
advertiser. The legitimate public jouimal can have no claim upon any biuiiness or interest unless 
it can give a profitable return for the patronage. + + Advertisers are cordially invited to visit 
THE TIMES office, and fully inform themselves of the advantages the paper offer* for advertising. 



Special Advertisements AHTAI ^T"^ * 

requiring artistic designs are I |1 C^ I "f W^ f~^^^ 

carefully prepared at -JL XX V^ -L. J.J.J.Xv^v3 



office without charge, 

except 

for engravings. 



TIMES BUILDING, 

Eighth and Chestnut Streets. 




THE TIMES, 

Philadelphia. 



18 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



THE 



Christian Advocate 



IS THE LEHDING OFFICIHL NEMSPKPER 



Methodist Episcopal Church, 



Of all Christian bodies, THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH is 

the largest and most progressive on the continent 

of North America. 



The Christian Advocate, of New York, reaches every week 
the homes of over 53,000 Church members. 

Its advertising space is reserved for the business of lirms 
for whose reputation it can safely vouch. 

Its advertising pages are open for any strictly first-class 
business. 

Its record as a paper in which it pays to advertise is second 
to no other strictly first-class weekly paper in the land. 

Its advertising rates are remarkably Ioav when circulation 
and other advantages are considered. 



Advertising rates and any further information will be cheerfully furnished 

on application to 

PHILLIPS & HLTNT, 

PUBLISHERS, 

805 Broadway, New York. 



RPECIAT. Note.— Philatlolpliiii imTchaiits will liml TiiK ("iikistiax Advocate a first' 
class medium for local business. 



AD VEBTISEMENTS. 



19 



THE CINCINNATI "COMMERCIAL GAZETTE" says: 

"The American is a newspaper of sterling qualities and high literary excellence. 
Among its contributors are a large number of the soundest thinkers and best writers in the 
country. An advocate of protection to American industries, it naturally sides with the party 
and candidates who support that policy, but in doing so it discusses all subjects, as well as the 
tarifr, in a temperate and conservative manner, that, while serving to enlighten the mind, 
does uot offend prejudices." " 



THE 




WEEKLY INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, THE ARTS, 

AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 



ESTABIjISMEIt ISSO. $3.00 PER XEA.B. 



Among the regularly maintained Departments are : 

REVIEW OF THE WEEK. 



Comments on current events of impor- 
tance. 



EDITORIAL ARTICLES. 

Temperate but earnest discussion of im- 
portant public questions and themes. 

WEEKLY NOTES. 

Minor editorial comment. 

SPECIAL ARTICLES 

On a wide variety of topics, including 
the phases of Social Life, Art, Science, 
Literature, etc., etc. 

SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE. 

Including letters from London and Paris 
by resident correspondents. 



REVIEWS OF BOOKS 

By competent critics and expert writers 
in the several departments of litera- 
ture, etc. 

SCIENCE. 

Practical and Popular Notes on current 
topics. 

ART. 

A department under the oversight of a 
competent critic. 

AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS. 

A concise summary of interesting data re- 
lating to books, periodicals, announce- 
ments of publishers, the work of 
authors, etc. 

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 

Lists of new books sent by publishers for 
review. 

DRIFT. 

Scientific, Archseologieal, Personal, and 
otlier timely and interesting items. 



The American aims at an honorable standard in literary excellence, an independent and 
fearless course, a catholic and fair-minded relation to controverted questions, and the studj* 
of the hopeful side of human affairs. 

Designing to justify its name, it represents unhesitatingly the form and substance of 
American principles. Perceiving no superiority in foreign institutions, it prefers those 
of its own country, and seeks to perfect them. It demands American independence and 
denounces American subjection. It believes that subjection of American industry, or 
mechanical skill, or commerce, to the grasp of other nations, is a foolish and fatal policy. 



TKK AMERICAN COMPANY, I^imited, 

Wharton Barker, Chairman. PROPRIETORS. Howard M. Jenkins, Trea-siirer. 

Offices: No. 931 Arch Street, Philadelphia, illail Address, Box 924. 



20 AD VER TISEMENTS. 



FRANK LESLIE'S 



LLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER. 



N 



A Weekly Panorama of Events at 
Home and Abroad. 



THE -WORK OF THE BEST ABTISTS, ENGRAVERS, AND CONTRIBUTORS APPEARS 

REOULARLY IN 

FRANK LESLIE'S ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER. 



'TmE editorial discussions in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are always able and 
^ timely. Independent, but not neutral, the paper can afford to tell the truth, and does 
it. Public men, citizens, and all others wlio appreciate intelligent criticism and candid 
discussion of the live topics of the day — silver, tariff, civil-service reform, the customs and 
morals of society, together with observations ujion the progress of events in the world at 
large — will find what Mr. Greeley used to call " miglity interesting reading" in the editorial 
pages of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. 

Among the other features of the paper are first-class stories, continued and complete, by 
the best writers of the day ; poems of the first order of merit ; careful summaries of news at 
home and abroad — in short, all that is necessary to make up a complete, well-selected, and 
thoroughly-valuable first-class weekly newsi)aper. 



FRANK LESLIE'S ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER 

IS SOI^D EVERYIVHERE. 

Price, Ten Cents. By mail, Four Dollars per Year; One Dollar for Three Months, post-paid. 

Specimen Copy, Five Cents. 



Address MrS. FRANK LESLI E, Publisher, 

53, 65, and 67 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK. 



A D VER TISEMENTS. 21 



The Investment Comphny 

OF PHILADELPHIA, 
No. 310 Chestnut Street. Capital, $2,000,000, full paid. 



Conducts a general Banking Business. 

Allows Interest on Cash Deposits, Subject to Check ; or on Certificates. 

Buys and Sells Bills of Exchange, drawing on BARING BROS. & CO., 
London; PERIER FRERES ET CIE., Paris; MENDELSSOHN & CO., 
Berlin; PAUL MENDELSSOHN-BARTHOLDY, Hamburg. 

Negotiates Securities, Railroad, State, Municipal, etc. 

Offers for Sale First-Class Investment Securities. 

Particulars and terms on application. 



WILLIAM BROCKIE, President. WHARTON BARKER, Vice-President. 

HENRY M. HOYT, Jr., Treasurer. ETHELBERT WATTS, Secretary. 

BO.iRO OP mUECTORS: 

■William Brockie. Morton McMichael. Henry C, Gibson. Isaac H. Clothier. 

George S. Pepper. "Wharton Barker. T. Wistar Brown. 

AOVISOR\^ COJiyMITTEE OF STOCKMOIjDESS : 

"William Potter. Thomas Dolan. Henry E. Smith. Francis Eawle. 

George M. Troutman. John G. Heading. Craige Lippincott. "William "Wood. 

Gustavus English. Joseph E. Gillingham. Hamilton Disston. "Walter Garrett. 

"William Pepper, M.D. John "Wanamaker. Clayton French. 

THE •?• ITE7VY 

DAILY, SUNDAY, WEEKLY. 

» 1:25,000 » 

COPIES EVERY DAY. 

The Best Family Advertising Medium in Philadelphia. 

WHITING PAPER COMPANY. 

ZjMrgettf Manufncturers of Fine Writing Pajter in the IVovltt. 
Pfodttctton, Ttventy-Eour Tons DaiMy. 



MILLS AT HOLYOKE, MASS. 

WAREHOUSE, 18 S. SIXTH STREETf^^9 DECATUR STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 

Large Stock of Flat, Folded, Linen Papers, No. 1 Colored Flat Paper, 

Bankers' Linen Ledger Paper, White and Tinted 

Bristol Boards, Wedding Flats; 

Box Papers etc. 



22 



AD VER TISEMENTS. 




The Baltimore knd Ohio Express, 

HOUGH owned and oi)c'ruted by tho IJaltiniore and Ohio Jvailnnid Company, is 
by no means restricted to its railroad lines alone. The territory covered em- 
l)raees almost the entire tract of country l)ounded by the outpost cities of New- 
Orleans, iShreveport, Vicksburg, Bt. Louis, Cliicago, Toledo, New York ; and 
its alliances, with through billing privileges, throw open to it, as though 
under its own name, lines to the very Pacific itself. 

The growth of the Baltimore and Ohio Express has been something phe- 
noinenal. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad primarily embraced its entire 
extent. As handsome a nucleus as this was, it is now but a fraction of the mileage covered. 
Life had hardly been breathed into the new express before it began to manifest strongly that 
aggressiveness which has since distinguished it. As a pioneer railway express, opposition 
unparalleled in express annals was braught against it, and the most absurd claims made by 
competitors. Shippers, however, could not be blinded to really superior service, and soon 
realized that a railroad would give its own express better facilities than a foreign concern. 
As a result, the new company waxed strong in the land, until its present extended growth 
has been attained. 

Where "through wa^'-billing" privileges exist, as with the Baltimore and Ohio Express, 
it is practically as though one express carried the sliipment the entire distance, and l)oth 
time and expense are saved. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Express is the only express in the United States which can 
receive a package in New York, Philadelijhia, Baltimore, Washington, Toledo, Chicago, etc., 
and deliver it, by its own dbivers from its own waoons, in New Orleans, Shreveport, 
Vicksburg, and neighboring points. Until the advent of the Baltimore and Ohio Express 
into that southern territory, a veritable wall of exclusiveness had been thrown around it by 
one express, to which all express patrons were compelled to pay tribute. 

RADBURY 

UPRIGHT HND SQUHRE 

PIHNOS 

Sank as the most comploto :iEd perfect iastraments manafacturel. 
This fact cir competitors will not deny. 

MANUFACTORIES : 

Corner Raymond and WiUoughby Streets, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Laominstur, Mass. 

VVAREROOMS : 

New York, 95 Filth Avenue, Corner Seventeanth Street. 
Brooklyn, 338 Fulton St. Jersey City, 43 Monte;omery St. 

Brooklyn, 664 and 606 Fulton St. Washington, D. C, 1225 Penna. Ave. 
Brodklyn, 95 Broadway, K. D. Saratoga Springs, 486 Broadway. 

Brooklyn, 794 Broadway, E. T. Chioago, III., 141 Wabaih Ave. 

F. r;. SJllTII, jraim/nrtiirer. 

rhilada. Warcroomo, 1020 Arch Gt. A, H. CIMMONO, Manager. 





^^S SctUh Sixt/t Strvet 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



23 



ESTABLISHED 1804. 



INCORPORATED 1883. 




Chai'le? Eneu Johngoq and Company. 

OFFICE AND WORKS: 

No. 509 SOUTH TENTH STREET, 



^^ 



INKS 



-^ 




^^ 



INKS 



4^ 



BRAP^CH OFFICBS: 



47 Rose St., New York. 40 La Salle St., Chicago. 
529 Commercial St., San Francisco. 



■^1- 



ALL GRADES OF TYPOGRAPHIC AND LITHOGRAPHIC 
INKS, VARNISHES, AND PLATE OILS. 



\<^ 



Specimen Books of Typographic and Lithographic Inks 
furnished, on application. 



24 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Wanamaker's. 



Nearly 14 acres of tloor-space, and not an inch of it waste room ! Why 
do you think it's needed? Why has Wanamaker's grown and grown 
until the vast store — much of it six stories high — covers a whole square ? 
And all within ten years ! And still growing ! 

There's no mystery about it. The only magic in the matter is the 
magic of honest, fair dealing and wise buying and selling. Honesty with- 
out business tact is almost sure to end in failure; business tact without 
honesty is just as certain to lead to wreck. In the happy blending of the 
two rests the corner-stone of every great business success in the world. 

Every land on earth helps to stock our store. Do you want the cutest, 
cunningest work of China or Japan, or the Islands of the Sea, — the staple 
or fancy goods of any people the sun shines on, — your first thought is, 
"Go to Wanamaker's." And when you go to Wanamaker's you are dis- 
appointed neither in goods nor prices. 

We have demonstrated that Wanamakers, great as it is in other respects, 
is first and above all else a Dry Goods Store, and the largest of all the 
Dry Goods Houses of America. 

The store is like home to you. Every comer is made welcome. 

Do you wonder that 14 acres of floor-space is not enough ? 

Chestnut, Thirteenth and M^^^^^ JOHN WANAMAKER. 

Provident Life and Trust Company 

OF PHILKDELPHIK. 

Office : No. 409 Chestnut Street. 



THE rate of mortality is less tlian that of any other company, and the dividends arising 
from that source will be correspondingly larger. The exhaustive report published by 
the Company, covering an experience of twenty years, shows that the number of doatlis 
was one-third less than tlie number which should have occurred in accordance with the 
indications of the American Experience Table of Mortality, the standard of Pennsylvania, 
New York, and most of the States. Such a percentage of gain was never before realized. 
Tn form of Policy ; prompt settlement of Death Losses ; eiiuitable dealing witli Policy- 
holders ; in strength of Organization ; and in everything which contributes to the security 
and clieai)m'ss of Life Insurance, this Company stands unrivalled. 

SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY, President. 

T. WISTAR BROWN, Vice-President. ASA S. WING, Vice-President and Actuary. 

JOS. ASHBROOK, Manager of Insurance Department. 

J. ROBERTS FOULKE, Trust Officer. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



J. E. 902 

CALDWELL CHESTNUT 

& CO. PHILADELPHIA gj^ 



IMPORTERS OF 



Diamonds 
Precious Gems 



Fine Porcelains Clocks and Clock Sets 

Art Pottery Rich Paris Furniture 

Choice Bronzes Objects of Art 



Jewelers 
Silversmiths 



Richly-Cut Crystal Art Metal Work 

Fine Leather Goods American Pottery 

Electro-Plated Wares Decorative Lamps 

American Watches Ecclesiastical Ware 



MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF 

English Hall Clocks 

*?* 

SOLE AGENTS IN THE 

AMERICA FKFORFN 

FOR THE FINEST TIME-KEEPER l_ r\ L_ Vj FA L_ I N 

IN EXISTENCE WATCH 



AD VEB2ISEMENTS. 



Hdhms Express Company, 



:fi3:ixj^x)exjI='I3:i.a.. 



"^1- 



I>Ri]M{CIPAL, OFFICE, 

Broad and Cliestnut Streets. 



^ 



•1^ 



BRANCH 4- OF=I=ICES: 



622 Chestnut Street, 

N. W. cor. Sixteenth and Market Streets, 

334 North Third Street, 

Broad Street Station, 

mo South Broad Street, 

3962 Market Street, 

Market Street Wharf, 

210 West Girard Avenue, 

Ninth Street and Columbia Avenue, 



Kensington Depot, 

II 14 South Fifth Street, 

1812 Girard Avenue, 

Broad and Callowhill Streets, 

Ninth and Green Streets, 

Third and Berks Streets, 

Pier 8 South Delaware Avenue, 

Girard Avenue Station, P. & R. R. 



HOTVSON ^ SONS 

^OlVSON & SONS, Attorneys-at-Law 
AND Solicitors of Patents, with offices in 

the cities of PHILADELPHIA and WASHINGTON, D. C, 
attend to PateJit Law business, in the Courts, and before the 
Patent Office. 

They solicit Patents, and register trade-marks and labels 
in the United States and in foreign countries ; prosecute and 
defend infringement and other suits relating to patents, trade- 
marks or copyrights in the Courts ; examine into, and give 
reports and opinions upon, questions as to the novelty of 
inventions, the validity of patents, etc., and attend to Patent 

Laxv busifiess in all its branches. 

CHARLES IIOWSON 
HENR Y HOIVSO.V 

lig S. Fottrfh St. Hubert no ivso.y 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Branch, gij F St., IVashington, D. C. 

Send for Book on Patfttts 



AD VEBTISEMENTS. 



iii 



Dh\zid Lhndreth s Sons, 

21 and 23 SOUTH SIXTH STREET, 

PHIIvADHIvPHIA. 



Founded 1784. The Oldest- Established Seed House in America. 




IMPLEMENTS, 

TOOLS, 
FERTILIZERS, 



AND ALL REQUISITES FOR 



Catalogues and Prices on application. Merchants, send for details of our 
"Cremation" plan in the sale of Seeds. 



DKi£ID LKNDRETH & SONS, 

21 AND 23 SOUTH SIXTH STREET. 

Lombard Investment Company 



Guarantee Fund to Secure Investors, $2,300,000. 



PMIJLAnEJLFMIA niREC'TORS: 

GEO. M, TROTITMAN, President Central National Bank. i GEORGE PHILLER, President First National Bank. 
GEO. BTJRNHAM, Baldwin Locomotive Worka. I WM. B. BEMENT, Industrial Iron Works. 

WM. McGEOROE, Jr., Attorney at Law. 

THE investing business now conducted by this Company has been prosecuted under the same manage- 
ment for thirty-five years. Among many thousands of investors are included over fifty Savings Banks 
and some two hundred of the most conservative corporations, Fire and Life Insurance Companies, 
Colleges and other Educational Institutions, Hospitals, Churches, Literary and Secret Societies. Some 
of these have been buying for from ten to twenty years; in one single case to the extent of over $1,000,000, and 
in another to over §()00,000. All will testify that they have never lost a penny of principal or interest. 

The celebrated first mortgages of this Company, in amounts from $250 to $20,000, with interest 
at 6 per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually, both principal and interest of which are guaran- 
teed by above fund, can be had at par and accrued interest from the undersigned. The coupons 
for interest are receivable at any bank or payable on presentation at this office. Also, in limited 
amounts and for a very short time, some of the special $300,000 issue of Debentures, running for 
ten years and paying 5 per cent, semi-annually, which, besides being secured by above guarantee 
fund, are specially secured by a deposit of $315,000 of first mortgages on property valued at at least 
two and a half times the amount of loan, with the Philadelphia Trust Co. as trustees. 



CALL OR SEND FOR EXPLANATORY 
PAMPHLETS. 



WM. McGEORGE, Jr., 

3H S. Third St., FhilnAdphiu. 



AB VER TISEMENTS. 



THE 



FIDELITY 



.{,• ••• ••• 



INSURANCE, 



Trust, and Safe Deposit Company 

OF= RHIl-HDEL-RHIH, 

IN ITS 

Marble Fire-Proof Building, 325-331 Chestnut St. 



CHHRTER PERPETUKL. 
CKPITKL, $2,000,000. SURPLUS. $1,750,000. 



SECURITIES AND VALUABLES of every description, including Bonds and Stocks, 
Plate, Jewelry, Deeds, etc., taken for safe keeping, on spe{ual guarantee, at tlie lowest 
rates. 

Vault doors guar(led by the Yalejvnd Hall Time Locks.. 

The Company also RENTS SAFES INSIDE ITS BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS at 
prices varying from $10 to $200, according to size. Rooms and desks adjoining vaults 
provided for Safe Renters. 

Deposits of money received on interest. 

Income collected -and remitted for a moderate charge. 

The Company acts as EXECITTOR, ADMINISTRATOR, and GUARDIAN, and 
RECEIVES and EXECUTES TRUSTS of every description from th.' Cn)urts, corpora- 
tions, and individuals; and acts as Agent for the Ro>gistration and Transfer of Loans and 
Stocks of Corporations, and in the payment of Coupons or R.'gistered Interest or Divi- 
dends. It furnishes Letters of Credit available for travelling purposes in all parts of 
Europe. 

ALL TRUST FUNDS AND INVESTMENTS are kept separate an.l apart from the 
assets of the Company. As additional security the Company has a Special Trust Cajjital 
of $1,000,000 primarily responsil)le for its Trust obligations. 

Wills receipted for and safi-ly kept without charge. 

Building and Vaults lighted by the Ellison Electric Light. 



STEPHEN A. CALDWELL, President. 
JOHN D. GEST, Vice-President and in charge of the Trust l)ci»artiiit'iit. 
ROBEU T PATTERSON, Treasurer and Secretary. 

CIIAS. ATIIERTON, Assistant Treasurer. 

R. L. WRKillT, .Ir., Assistant Secretary. 

(>. S. CLARK, Safe Superintcndcut. 



S. A. CALDWEIiL. 
EDWARD W. CLARK. 
GEORGE F. TYLER. 
HENRY C. GIBSON. 



directors: 

WM. H. MERRICK. 
JOHN B. QEST. 
EDWARD T. STEEL. 



THOMAS DRAKE. 
THOMAS McKEAN. 
C. A. QRISCOM. 
JOHN C. BULLITT. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 




^onton^ svnd Cl^oeolatee, 



1320 Chestnut Street, 

i='HILADELF'HIA. 




E 



FARM ANNUALil887 

I Will be tent FREE to all who write for It. Bend address od 
la postal for the KOST COMPLETE CataloKOe pablJBhed.to 



It is a Handsome Book of 1 28 pages, 

dreds of illustrations, 3 Colored Plates^ andi 

tells all abuQt THls BEST GARDEN, KAUJl & FLOWEBl 

S IT FnQ BULBS 
E.EiL#V9 PLANTS,! 

Thoroughbred Stock and Fancy Poultry.! 

It d, .oribos RARENOVELTIESlo Vesetables and! 
Flowers if real Talue, which cannot be obtalnid elsrwfaere.l 



W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.. PHILADELPHIA. 



^J-SEED MHREHOUSEK^ 

Nos. 475 and 477 North Fifth Street, 

Nos. 476 and 478 York Avenue. 



A BRILLIANT, SATIRICAL, HUMOROUS PICTORIAL 



PRINTED IN COLORS 



♦-TO SK'' ST"* 

AND BRIMFUL OF GOOD SENSE AND GLEAN READING. 



Sold Everywhere for lo Cents. 

SUBSCKIPTION Price: $4.00 per Year, $2.00 for Six Mouths, $1.00 for Three Months. 



A subscription for "Judge" carries witli it a bona fide Insurance Policy for $500 

on the leading railroads of the country. See page 12 of this week's issue for confiraiation. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 




AD VERTISEMENTS. 



SWITHIN G, SHORTLIDGFS MEDIA ACADEMY 

MEDIH, PENNK., 

TMrteen Stiles front Itroati Street Station, Philattelitliia, School i'ear ojiens in SeiUember. 



Fixed price covers every expense, even books, etc. Students admitted and classified at 
any time. No examination necessary for admission. Summer vacation school July and 
August. The regular school year opens in September, but students may come at any time 
before September, or be admitted when vacancies occur. A boarding school of the highest 
grade for young men and boys. One of the best-equipped, best-taught, and most successful 
schools in the United States. Twelve experienced teachers, all men and all graduates, four 
of them Harvard men. All teaching in small classes, so that each pupil may have individual 
care. Special attention to both advanced and backward pupils. Individual and class 
instruction. Early deficiencies in young men's education corrected. Young men whose 
education has been neglected instructed privately. Special opportunities for apt students 
to advance rapidly. Special drill for dull and backward boys. Patrons or students may 
select any studies or choose the regular English, Scientific, Civil Engineering, Business, or 
Classical Course, or parts of different courses. Students fitted at Media Academy are now 
in Harvard, Yale, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Lehigh, Lafayette, University 
of Virginia, Columbia, Williams, Dickinson, Cornell, and several Polytechnic Schools. 
"Conditioned" College students of any class tutored in any study and fitted for any college 
examination. A physical and a chemical laboratory. Courses of lectures, with the best and 
fullest apparatus for illustration. Fifteen hundred volumes added to the Academy Library 
in 1883. Physical apparatus doubled in 1883. Ten students fitted for college and admitted in 
1883. Fifteen in 1884. Ten in 1885. Ten in 1886. A Graduating Class every year in the 
Commercial Department. Fine school buildings, in which all the students live with the 
Principal. No boarding out in private families. Rooms carpeted and furnished with ward- 
robe, bureau, table, wash-stand, toilet set, two single beds with springs, good mattresses, 
pillows, and an ample supply of bedding, all in complete order, etc., etc. Buildings carpeted 
throughout, and thoroughly heated by steam. Rooms for one or two boys. No large dormi- 
tories. Rooms heated by steam. Media Academy sets a generous table. Dining-room fitted 
out in the best manner. Experienced men waiters. First-class steam laundry. Day and 
night watchmen. A gymnasium, with two bowling-alleys and other fixtures. Ample 
grounds for base-ball, foot-ball, and other athletic sports. Drainage and water supply perfect. 
No malaria. The health record of Media has few parallels. Media Academy has all the 
conveniences and appliances necessary to make it a real home and a first-class academy. No 
hazing or other rowdyism. No " roughing it." Students at this academy must not sacrifice 
the home influences for an education devoid of good morals, good manners, and genteel 
surroundings. The school is adapted in every way to the education of young men and boys 
only. Media Academy is not a mixed school, but strictly a boarding school for the male sex. 
Media has seven churches, and a temperance charter which prohibits the sale of all intoxi- 
cating drinks. Media is conveniently accessible from all points. No change of depots in 
Philadelphia, coming from New York, Pittsburg, Baltimore, or Washington. Twenty trains 
leave Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, daily, for Media. Return trains every hour. 
Distance, thirteen miles. Ask at Media Station for Academy coach. Drive to the school 
only five minutes. 

For new illustrated circular of Media Academy, address the Principal aad Proprietor, 

SWITHIN C. SHORTLIDGE, A.B., A.M. 

(Graduate of Harvard College), 



A D VER TISEMENTS. 



«1 



A 



<r^^ 


E^eRY 


°<N5i^~i 


INTEL-L-IGEIST RERSOIS 


'^^(sT^o 


KlNOiiAiS 


f-QT-^" 



Y 

how few iournals there are that can be safely recommended as 
thoroughly fit and proper for family reading. If he knows 
JPucK, he knows that Puck stands among the first of those few. 

If he does not know Puck, let hun purchase a specimen copy 
(Puck is for sale by all newsdealers), or send for one to the 
Publishers, and give the paper a thorough examination. He 
will find that it is just wiiat we claim for it, namely : 

IT IS A HUMOROUS PAPER. We have a large staflT, chosen 
from the very briglitest writers and artists in this country. 

IT IS AN INTERESTING PAPER. The day of crude wood-cuts 
and liorse-play humor has gone by. PuCK gives you intel- 
ligent comments on the events of the day, calculated to 
entertain and amuse rational men and women. 

IT IS AN INDEPENDENT PAPER— frankly independent in its 
views of public affairs, bound to no sect or party. 

IT IS A CLEAN PAPER. It proves that it is possible to be 
humorous without V)eing vulgar. You may look it through 
from one year's end to the other, and you will not find 
one low jest, one allusion to the filtlij' scandals of the day, 
one indecent personal allusion. It is a paper that will 
endear itself to ev'ury member of the best of families. 

IT IS FOR THESE REASONS that Puck outsells any publica- 
tion in its line. PucK is published every Wednesday, and 
the subscription price is Four Dollars a year, Two Dollars 
for six months, and One Dollar for three months. 

ONCE MORE, WRITE TO THE PUBLISHERS FOR a specimeu 
copy of 



I> 




"THE MIDSUMMER PUCK." First Number out. luly 15. Tliirty-six pages. Puck 
size. Printed in coi.ojis tiihouohout. Cartoons by Keppler, ()i)per, Taylor, and 
others. Of all newsdealers. Thirty-five cents per copy. 

"PUCK'S LIBRARY." X<.. l. "The National Game." Of nil newsdealers Ten cents 
per copy. 

"PICKINGS FROM PUCK." Cn.ps I., II., an.l hi. Six(y-r..ur pages. PrcK size 
each. Freshly plucked from tlie fiowery fields of Literature and Art tliat lie in the 
inexhaustible l)ack numbers of JMtck. beautiful as the day and funnier tlum hitherto 
published. Of all newsdealers. Twenty-five cents jier crop. 



Address 



The Publishers of Puck, 



41 East IIouMton Ntrcel, Now Tork. 



IN BUYING 




-USE- 




Fhe Presbyter 

ofPu 



OARD 
CATION 



1334 Cke^InuI S^reel. 



BOOKS NOT IN STOCK 
WILL BE SUPPLIED. 



• • • 



• ^ • 




ESTABLISHED 1831. 



JAMES S, EARLE & SONS, 

J Co. 0I19 CSIoe&tHut Q)heeiy 

PHILADELPHIA. 



Importers, Dealers, and Manufacturers of 

Oil Paintings, Choice Engravings, 

Ktcliings, Mirrors, and Picture Frames. 



B^- A special study made of Artistic and appropriate Framing. Card and Cabinet Frames. 
The largest and most complete assortment in tlie country. 



AGENrS FOR tHE SALE OF fHE GEbEBRArED "ROGERS' GROUPS." 



enUt'^rv of Paintings open fre« at tUl times. JPainttnga carefully cle«n«rf and restored. 



% Guaranteed Bond 



ISSUED BY THE 



Fenn Mutual Life Insurance Company 

This Boad is purchasable in annual, senni-annual, and quart<?rly inBtftlracata. 
Its face Talue, together with surplus ac«umul»tiom (estimated to b« a« much 
more), is payable at the end of twenty-five years. 

It s:narantecs to the boldor. In tho event of deHlh ocenrrine vrKhin the 
twenty-Cve year!*, an annnnl interent of nix per cent, upon lh« B«nd,— u sum 
greater, for Hioitt »{$«»> than all the instaluacnts paid. 

BOND FOR $10,000; ANNUAL INSTALMENT, $450. 

. $10,600 
. 11,200 
. 11,800 



Am«unt rftjakla ks a ile*tk-«lai|B, 1st year 

3d " 

8d " 
4tli " 
6tJi " 



12,400 
13,000 



Amount payable as a death-tlaia, 10th year 
" " " " 15th " 

20th " 
25th " 



$16,000 
19,000 
22.00* 
25,000 



$10,090 



At th« •■€! mi the 25th year will be payable the face oX the Bond . 

Together with the accnmulated surplus, estimated at 10,000 

Making a total of 820,000 

THESE BONDS ARE ISSUED IN SINQIiE THOUSANDS AND UPWARDS, AND ARE 
WITHIN THE MEANS OF EVERY PRUDENT MAN. 

4»- Address #/*e Home Office for Special JE.stitnafe, Stating Age, "C« 

American Fire Insurance Company 



0£ftce in Company's 
Building, 




308 and 310 Walnut St., 
Philadelphia. 



Cash Capital $500,000 00 

Reserve for Re-Insurance and all other claims 1,248,984 44 

Surplus over all Liabilities 552,874 22 

Total Assets, Januarif 1, 1SS7, $2,301f858M6. 



THOS. H. MONTGOMERY, 
JOHN T. LEWIS, 
ISRAEL MORRIS, 



iDz:E?.Eoa?o:E?.s. 

PEMBERTON S. HUTCHINSON, I 
ALEXANDER BIDDLE, i 

CHARLES P. PEROT, ] 



JOS. E. GILLINGHAM, 
SAMUEL WELSH, Jr., 
CHAS. S. WHELEN. 



TUOMAN II. 1IUNTOO.MERY. I>reMident. RICHARD IIARIN, Necrotary. 

.TAN. R. YOVNU, Actuary. 



